Abstract Based on extant literature drawn from WoS and other databases, this paper reviews the current state of international language conflict research, including the definitions, categories, causes, research methods, and differences between language conflict and language competition. It is found that four theoretical frameworks have been applied in the existing studies: language contact theory, language security theory, language identity theory and linguistic rights theory. The following three research gaps can be identified. Firstly, the abundance of empirical research and lack of theoretical construction makes it difficult to form any influential schools of thought; secondly, the focus on isolated case studies neglects the need for comparative and comprehensive research; thirdly, the lack of practical solutions reduces the social relevance and value of research. Future research should examine language conflicts at the level of international organizations, consider linguistic ethics along with linguistic rights, and establish long-term mechanisms for preventing and managing language conflicts.
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