Abstract:In the era of digital economy, data has become one of the basic production factors. Language data is not only a new productive force, but also a stimulus for new relations of production. Language data can be categorized into different types based on various criteria i.e., form, contents, actors, process, and beneficiaries, and its production involves four levels of agency: government, enterprise, community, and individuals. Language data security is an important part of national language security and an indispensable component of the national security system in the new era. Language data security can be classified based on risk level, process, domain, and centrality. Currently, the major problems of language data security include the lack of language data awareness and language data security awareness, overuse or improper use of language data, unclarity of property rights, inattention to the cross-border flow of language data, and inadequate assessment of the security of language data market. In the future, the governance of language data security needs to be enhanced from the perspectives of governance awareness and philosophy, governance status assessment, five major construction sectors, and evaluation feedback.