摘要
学术评价是学术话语权的重要组成部分,对学术活动起着导向作用。语言对学术研究的影响越来越受到学界重视,但中国现有学术评价研究较少关注语言因素的影响。考察国内外4种权威的大学排名体系中与语言相关的评价指标和国内不同类型高校对教师学术能力的考核标准,从机构和个体两方面研究语言因素在现有学术评价体系中的显性和隐形作用及其传导机制,发现:学术评价中的语言政策是一种隐性的语言政策,受到经济、政治、文化等语言外因素和语言管理、语言信念等语言内因素的影响;显性的量化评价指标在传导机制中起主要作用;语言政策在学术评价中的动态调整体现了能动性与客观世界的互动关系。为提升中文的国际学术影响力,落实《深化新时代教育评价改革总体方案》,建议建立学术评价中合理的语言政策传导机制,优化评价体系改革,掌握评价话语权。
Abstract
As a component of academic discourse power, academic evaluation plays a guiding role in academic practice. The influence of language on research has been increasingly prominent. However, existing studies in China on academic evaluation have paid inadequate attention to language factors. This study examined the language-related evaluation indicators in four authoritative university ranking systems at home and abroad and the assessment criteria for teachers’ academic competence in different types of universities in China. Investigating the explicit and invisible roles of language factors in the existing academic evaluation system and their transmission mechanisms from both institutional and individual perspectives, we find that the language practice in academic evaluation is implicit, subject to extra-linguistic factors such as economic, political and cultural factors, and intra-linguistic factors such as language management and language beliefs; explicit quantitative evaluation indicators play a major role in the transmission mechanism; and the dynamic adjustment of language policy in academic evaluation reflects the interaction between structure and agency. To enhance the international academic influence of Chinese and implement the General Plan for Deepening the Reform of Education Evaluation in the New Era, it is recommended that a reasonable transmission mechanism of language policy in academic evaluation should be established to optimize the evaluation system and achieve more power in the evaluation of academic discourse.
关键词
学术评价 /
学术语言 /
学术话语权 /
大学排名 /
语言政策
Key words
academic evaluation /
academic language /
academic discourse power /
university ranking /
language policy
张天伟.
学术评价中的语言因素及影响机制[J]. 语言战略研究. 2022, 7(5): 25-35 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20220502
Zhang Tianwei.
Linguistic Factors and Influencing Mechanism in Academic Evaluation[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2022, 7(5): 25-35 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20220502
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基金
北京高校高精尖学科“外语教育学”建设项目(2020SYLZDXM011),北京外国语大学“双一流”重大标志性项目“国家语言能力国际比较及理论创新”(2022SYLA001)。编辑部提出了宝贵修改建议,赵启琛同学帮助收集数据,特此一并致谢!