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2016 Vol. 1, No. 6
Published: 2016-11-10

 
1 Strengthening Mother Tongue Education: A Profound Issue of Language Planning in the Information Age
Wang Ning
2016 Vol. 1 (6): 1-1 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  [PDF (0 KB)  ( 0 )
5 Editors and Publishers on Language and Language Life
Nie Zhenning, Li Jingduan, Li Xin, Wang Jiaming
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2016 Vol. 1 (6): 5-11 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  [PDF (0 KB)  ( 0 )
12 The Development Strategy for Natural Language Processing ResearchInspired from a Historical View on Machine Translation
Sun Maosong and Zhou Jianshe

Machine translation (MT) is one of the major research fields of natural language processing (NLP), and it always spearheadsthe research frontier in NLP. In this paper, after a systematic survey of the development history of MT from a macroscopic perspective,with particular emphasis on the main development path of underlying methodologies and core technologies in MT, we drew a general picture of the milestones that marked the key points of a long journey for both theoretical study and practical accomplishment for the past seven decades. The latest fruitful development achieved in the area of MT application shows that, the paradigm shift from the traditional linguistic rule-based approaches to the so-called empirical approach, based on increasingly available amounts of “raw data” in the form of massive collections of texts and their translations, compounded by the phenomenal advancement of computer technology, will become the driving force that will potentially lead to the breakthrough in MT. Based on the above observation and analysis, some suggestions on the short-term development strategy for machine translation as well as natural language processing in China are proposed.

2016 Vol. 1 (6): 12-18 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  [PDF (0 KB)  ( 0 )
19 Chinese Language Processing: Achievements and ProblemsZong ChengqingAbstract

In the past over 60 years, research on Chinese language processing has made great achievements. With the rapid development and popularization of the Internet and communication technology, Chinese language processing technology has attracted worldwide attention in recent years. This article summarizes the achievements of Chinese language processing and analyzes the present status of the technology in this field, particularly the problems that the field may face in term of development. The author argues that it is stilldifficult for artificial intelligence to “understand” rather than “process” naturally produced Chinese because of the following three reasons:(1) the current information processing technology is inadequate in processing grammatically complex Chinese sentences; (2) there are unsolved problems in machine learning technologies; and (3) our understanding of how human brain processes language is still very limited. This paper concludes that we need a better understanding of how the Chinese language is decoded in human brain and build acomputational model that specifically targets at the Chinese language in order for artificial intelligence to understand naturally produced Chinese.

2016 Vol. 1 (6): 19-26 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  [PDF (0 KB)  ( 0 )
27 Recent Development of Language Information Processing Industry: Towards an Era of Artificial Intelligence
Guo Yuqing, Xu Jun and Wang Haifeng

In recent years there has been an enormous boom in Computational Intelligence in Information Systems. This paperattempts to provide rich information and professional observation about the recent progress made in adapting Chinese language processing and computing industry to the new challenges arisen from rapid advancement of the Internet as well as the worldwide proliferation of mobile devices and social media. In the process of language digitization, search engine and machine translation are the two major typical areas pertinent to large scale industrialization. Through tracing the developing trajectory of these two areasas exemplar cases, we attempt to demonstrate how language digitization as a technology and industry deals with a range of new challenges, including intelligent applications and big data, such as business intelligence, social analytics, data/text mining, machinelearning, text summarization and information retrieval. In conclusion, we are optimistic for the future of the fields in achieving even better quality based on paradigm shift away from linguistic/rule-based methods towards empirical/data-driven methods which havebeen made possible by the availability of large amounts of training data and large computational resources.

2016 Vol. 1 (6): 27-35 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  [PDF (0 KB)  ( 0 )
36 The Application of Crowdsourcing Strategy in Utilizing Language Resources
Chu-Ren Huang and Wang Shichang
The crowdsourcing concept can be understood from three perspectives: the crowdsourcing strategy, the implementation method of crowdsourcing strategy, and the implementation
case of crowdsourcing strategy. The gist of crowdsourcing strategy is to unite the power and wisdom of crowds to solve problems in the form of open call via the Internet. Language
resource construction consists of natural language resource construction and extended language resource construction. In language resource construction, crowdsourcing can be used to collect language data, to process language data, to conduct language-related surveys, to fund language resource construction, to promote the publicity of language resource construction, and to cultivate the social forces for language resource construction. This paper provides a relatively detailed explanation of the development of crowdsourcing strategy and how it can be utilized in developing language resources with an illustration of Mechanical Turk, which has extensive applications in language resource construction and is the most well established and operational crowdsourcing implementation method at present. At the end of the article, we further elaborate the strength of this innovative approach that presents a strategic opportunity for users to champion a collaborative digital enterprise and to tap into the possibility contributed by diverse audience through using a variety of social media and collaborative software solutions, showing our optimism for the prospect of outsourcing work to the crowd for obtaining needed services or ideas in resolving problems.
2016 Vol. 1 (6): 36-46 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  [PDF (0 KB)  ( 0 )
47 Lexical Semantic Variation and Social Change: Quantitative Observation and Analysis
Liu Zhiyuan, Liu Yang, Tu Cunchao and Sun Maosong

With social and technological developments, the contents and means of human communication have undergone tremendous changes, which, in turn, lead to the evolution of word forms and their meanings in human language. In literature, much scholarship has been devoted to the semantic dynamics of words from the perspective of usage frequency, yet this frequency-based method cannot explain clearly the lexical-semantic change due to its failure to cover word senses. In this paper, a large-scale Chinese newspaper text corpus is employed and the distributed representations of some words and their senses are elicited in order to observe the diachronic evolvement of word semantics. The semantic change of the words in the timeline suggests that the distributional method proposed in this paper is effective for the exploration of lexical semantic dynamics. The implication of this study is that the corpus-based distributional method can become a useful tool for studies in other fi elds, such as language evolution, sociolinguistics and language planning.

2016 Vol. 1 (6): 47-54 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  [PDF (0 KB)  ( 0 )
55 Computation-Based Monitoring of the Implementation of Language Standards:A Case Study of Words with Variant Forms
Rao Gaoqi
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2016 Vol. 1 (6): 55-63 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  [PDF (0 KB)  ( 0 )
69 Language Capacity: From Theoretical Exploration to Practical Demand
Zhang Qiang and Yang Yiming
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As a fundamental feature that distinguishes human being from other species, language capacity is not only a principaltheoretical issue for linguistics and other relevant disciplines, but also a signifi cant practical concern for national social development.Based on a thorough examination of the fundamental role of language capacity in human cognition and social development, thisarticle reviews the latest developments of research about language capacity in the international literature, and argues for the urgentneed to conduct scientifi c research about language capacity from a holistic perspective at present. We also summarize the awareness ofinternational communities about the great demand of language capacity and the practical undertakings to improve language capacityby different countries. Based on what is described above, we come out with the following suggestions: in order to meet the demandfrom the national social development, we should actively organize collaborative studies on language capacity, to implement practicalprogram with aim to enhance language capacity, and to push the state to enforce significant decision.

2016 Vol. 1 (6): 69-76 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  [PDF (0 KB)  ( 0 )
77 Features of Chinese Internet Catchwords
Li Weining
Internet catchwords become an important new phenomenon refl ecting Internet users’ attitudinal changes and social development. In recent years, the renovation of Internet technologies and the rising Internet culture result in remarkable changes of Chinese words and expressions. This paper investigates Chinese Internet catchwords that appeared between 2015 and 2016 to describe their new features as well as possible new rules for usage. The research fi nds that (1) many Internet catchwords are originated from commonly used words and sometimes the Internet users manipulate the form of the words and give them new meanings; (2) Internet users become the main players in the rapid spread of Internet catchwords; (3) most Internet catchwords are used by the mass media and state authoritative institutions; (4) new Internet environments are crucial for the creation, circulation, and popularization of Internet catchwords. Understanding the features and the usage rules of Internet catchwords can be important for scholarly research as well as for policy makers in designing and implementing new regulations and policies in the domains of language planning, information safety and beyond.
2016 Vol. 1 (6): 77-83 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  [PDF (0 KB)  ( 0 )
84 Language, Nation and Modernity: National Language Movement in the Early Twentieth Century
Wu Chunye
This article explores the notion of national language and its implications for Chinese nationalistic movements in the early twenties century. Drawing on a historical review of the national language in China, the article argues that the establishment of a national language was a landmark of Chinese modernization, and its continuous codifi cation has been a driving force of national identity construction as well as national transformation. The investigation starts from two perspectives: (1) it reviews the rise of a national language in terms of national identity construction and its impacts on the reformation of Chinese language; and (2) it discusses the procedure of integrating language into the overall transformation and modernization of the nation. The article concludes that language codifi cation and political transformation legitimate each other, and the establishment of a national language is a prerequisite of a modern nation-state.
2016 Vol. 1 (6): 84-91 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  [PDF (0 KB)  ( 0 )
92 Valuable Exploration of Framework Construction for a Critical Study of Global English: A Book Review of Markets of English: Linguistic Capital and Language Policy in a Globalizing World
Lin Xiao
2016 Vol. 1 (6): 92-96 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  [PDF (0 KB)  ( 0 )
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