China’s Language Industry has witnessed three waves of development in the past three decades. The fi rst wave appeared in around 1990, a time when the traditional Language Industry experienced a rapid expansion. The second wave started in around 2000, a time often seen as the rise of Language Information Industry. The third wave arrived in around 2010, a period when “language information technology platforms” (e.g., internet, cell phones and language intelligence) became a major media for press, education and speech synthesis.The three waves are three continuous developmental phases, showing the upgrading trajectory of the language industry in China. With regard to the driving forces of such developments, this paper contends that the first wave can be attributed to the opening up of the Chinese society, while the second and the third waves are the results of the revolution of Language Information Technology. It is predicted that the next phase in China will be “Artifi cial Intelligence plus Language Industry” .
This paper describes the development of the Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) in the United States and the constructive role of legislation in regulating and facilitating SLP as a service. The United States has a more developed system in providing SLP service than any other country in the world. After a general review of its development, it is found that the legislation of special education and rehabilitation has played a decisive role in the rapid development of SLP service delivery in the US between the 1980s and 2000s. In this paper, fi rst, we briefl y introduce the concept of the SLP service delivery, and then we also outline the general picture of its development in the US, including the importance of establishing such a public service in meeting social demand. Second, treating SLP as a service industry or part of the healthcare industry, this paper analyses several important laws consecutively promulgated from the 1970s to the 2000s in special education and rehabilitation in the US, focusing on the product provision, consumption promotion, professional development, technology application, especially the service structure and investment in SLP service delivery. In this part, we also analyses the great impact of the law implementation on the development of SLP service delivery in the US. To conclude the discussion, we elaborate some important implications of the US experience in developing SLP service delivery in the near future in China.
Language Exhibition Industry, as an integration of language industry and exhibition industry, constitutes a new force of theConvention and Exhibition industry in China. This paper first gives a brief introduction to the notion of Language Exhibition Industry,its classifications, and its potential contribution to the traditional language industry. Then taking EXPOLINGUA BERLIN as a case,this paper examines the themes, forms, layouts, host cities and branding of European Language Exhibition Industry. Finally, this paperdraws on the European experience and proposes some strategies to advance the emerging Language Exhibition Industry in China.
The evolution of language policy in the more than 2000 years from the pre-Qin (221BC-206 BC) to the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) in China is also characterized by subjectivity and diversity. Generally speaking, the policies of the unifi ed Chinese characters, and the writing and phonological norms, and the Buddhist translation and the Chinese characters spread, are the mainstream of ancient Chinese language policy. These policies are closely related to the “unifi cation” of Chinese language and culture, and to the advancement and inclusiveness of China culture. Also these policies are compatible with the unity, long-term and stability of Chinese feudal society. However, those policies made by minority rulers such as the creation and implementation of writing systems for ethnic minorities, and the national language and/or the national writing system of ethnic minorities, and multilingualism, are the tributary of ancient Chinese language policy. And those policies are closely related to the establishment and consolidation of ethnic minority regime, and are associated with the ethnic language identity and the thought of language nationalism. The fi ne culture written by writing systems of ethnic minorities plays an important role in the history of the development of their ethnic culture, and also adds valuable varieties to the treasure trove of Chinese national culture. The policy of Fenshu Kengru ( 焚书坑儒, burn books and bury the literati in pits) and Wenziyu ( 文字狱, literary inquisition) is a continuation of an undercurrent in the river of ancient Chinese language policy. Thepolicy is in line with the political and cultural despotism pursued by the Chinese feudal dynasty.