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2018 Vol. 3, No. 3
Published: 2018-05-10

 
1 New Application Prospects of Chinese Phonetic Alphabet
Li Xingjian
2018 Vol. 3 (3): 1-1 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
5 Academicians on Language and Language Life
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2018 Vol. 3 (3): 5-9 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
10 On Language Loyalty
Wang Chunhui
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180302

This paper attempts to present a comprehensive review about various aspects of an important concept in language policy studies, language loyalty. Having been treated as a composition of language attitudes, it plays a vital role in language identity for a multilingual in a multilingual society. Language loyalty as a phenomenon is typically seen in immigration community and to some extents manifested in all three levels of supranational, national and semi-national establishments. Language loyalty also works in different registers and functional domains. There are a number of factors that can have an impact on language loyalty and it has a complex embodiment in the three dimensions of nationality, culture and state. When it comes to categorization, language loyalty forms a loyalty continuum that consists of a number of types. ‘Language Loyalty’ should be seen as a neutral concept that should not be oversimplified as good or bad. Its positive or negative role should be analyzed with relative views against the interest of a specific party and evaluated at different levels and from different perspectives in a specific context.

2018 Vol. 3 (3): 10-21 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
22 Paradigm Shifts in Language Identity Research
Fang Xiaobing
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180303
The study of language identity has seen four major shifts in its research paradigms. The fi rst shift is the turn from the structuralist approach to the constructivist approach, where the process, mechanism, and motivation of identity construction are stressed. The second shift is the prioritization of objective elements (e.g. language behavior tendency) over subjective factors (e.g. language attitudes), highlighting the value of identifi cation practice and the community-level “otherness identification”. The third shift is the change from static identification to dynamic identification, which has raised concern about the fluidity and reversal of identity. The last shift is the change from unique identity to dual identity, especially in the case of the recognition and exploration of “dual mother tongues”. In view of the paradigm shifts in language identity research, this paper suggests that language identity research in China should make some changes accordingly. First, Yuyan Rentong (i.e. language identity), rather than Yuyan yu Rentong (i.e. language and identity), should be adopted as the single scholarly term in Chinese in order to serve as a consistent equivalent to the English term identity. Nevertheless, the different connotations of the term Yuyan Rentong in various disciplines deserve researchers’attention. Second, given the lack of recognized evaluation criteria for language identity,it is suggested that more importance should be attached to the assessment of language identification, and holistic evaluation systemsand effective indicators should be properly developed.
2018 Vol. 3 (3): 22-32 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
34 Language Attitudes of Guangzhou People and Inheritance of Cantonese Identity
Shan Yunming and Li Sheng
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180304

Based on a survey of almost 300 respondents in Guangzhou with follow-up interviews, the study fi nds that Cantonese is no longer the primary language of the people in Guangzhou, manifesting language shift across generations. Over ninety percent of the people in Guangzhou are bilinguals (or multilinguals). Their positive evaluation towards Cantonese is much higher than Putonghua or English, indicating strong affective and integrated orientation towards this regional language. Nonetheless, more than half of the respondents are pessimistic about the future of Cantonese. It is also found that the attitude towards English is higher than Putonghua and English language education is showing a younger-age tenden cy. Cantonese main tenance is being challenged in certain communities such as those among females, with higher education and immigrants. With reference to the evaluation criteria of ethnolinguistic vitality, Cantonese can be taken as “a strong language under threat and showing some signs of declining vitality”. The paper concludes that Cantonese maintenance relies on the synergy of various aspects of the society. Dialect is a key component of the cultural identity and the values of Cantonese maintenance should be better and fully understood.

2018 Vol. 3 (3): 34-41 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
42 Hong Kong Cantonese and Its Role of Identification
Shi Jianguo
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180305
This paper examines, from both linguistic and social perspectives, the role of Hong Kong Cantonese as an identifi -cation symbol for the Hong Kong SAR residents, particularly the ethnic Chinese people. Hong Kong, as a world city, has 89.1% of its population speaking Hong Kong Cantonese, which is very widely used as a communication instrument for daily life. This remains unchanged, despite the impacts from English and Putonghua because of historical and political reasons. The paper has found four reasons for the role of identifi cation: (1) The high linguistic conformality resulting in communal solidarity, (2) its interaction with the Mainland, (3) adaptation of English sounds and syllables, (4) continuity of using words and pronunciation of ancient Chinese language.
2018 Vol. 3 (3): 42-48 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
49 Huayu, Chinese Education and Identity: The Malaysian Experience
Wang Xiaomei
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180306

Chinese Malaysians have thrived to maintain their language and culture through Chinese schools including both Independent Chinese Secondary Schools and National-type Chinese Secondary Schools, which is an indication of strong Chinese identity. This paper adopts the models of identity management and language management to discuss the relationship between Chinese identity, the management of Mandarin, and Chinese education, taking four Chinese schools in Penang as examples. The main purpose is to analyze how these Chinese schools strengthen students’ Chinese identity through language management (mainly Mandarin). The results of interviews administered among school authorities, teachers and students show that the Chinese identity in both types of schools is closely associated with language planning towards Mandarin. Moreover, teachers and students hold similar views towards the importance of Mandarin and its significance to Chinese identity. Besides, the management of Chinese identity through Mandarin by Chinese schools complies with the norm of identity in Malaysian Chinese community.

2018 Vol. 3 (3): 49-57 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
72 On Three Cases of Dialects Termed YU (Language): Cantonese, Hokkien and Shanghai Dialect
Li Jia
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180307
Based on previous studies of the ideological nature on the distinctions between dialects and languages, the paper focuses on the phenomena that dialects are termed YU(language), and categories its motivations in three cases. In the Cantonese case, YU is a tradition from the ancient times for the major Chinese dialects which were generally termed YU. In the Hokkien case, YU reflects a fact that despite an insignifi cant dialect, in a relative autonomous administration, it is still elevated to the level of YU. For the Shanghai dialect case, it is termed YU due to its speakers’ inclination to highlight their Shanghainese identity. Against this backdrop, the paper also discusses different natures of these cases, and makes some tentative proposals for legislations and administrations, including to strength the awareness of China’s linguistic situation for the Party and government institutions and the media professionals. It is also necessary to make regulations for how to use the alternative terms, YU, Fangyan, based on history, social customs and political doctrines. I also recommend to adopt “dialect” as the standard term for major dialects for the general public.
2018 Vol. 3 (3): 72-82 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
83 Language Policies under Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di Regimes: A Comparative Perspective
Chao Rui
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180308

This study attempts to examine the differences of the language policy formulation and implementation during the two significant early periods of Ming dynasty (1368-1644). It uses a historical comparative perspective to understand the processes involved in language change. In order to deal with the relationship between Mongolian and Chinese and to develop a system to regulate language use for Chinese, the early Ming government enacted a series of language policies. There were both similarities as well as differences in the policies made by Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di, the two paramount rulers of the Ming dynasty. Whereas the policies during Zhu Yuanzhang time manifested in repression of Mongolian through implementing acculturation measures such as intermarriage between Mongol and Chinese, Zhu Di paid more attention to language harmony characteristic of liberalism toward Mongolian language. Zhu Yuanzhang standardized written language based on then authoritative Nanjing speech. He set up an education system to propagate both a national lingua franca and a vernacular with latter playing important role in promoting the technological advancement. Zhu Di’s regime was also remembered for its efforts in promulgating foreign language education policies, thus on the one hand to establish a rapport with neighboring countries in East Asia,Southeast Asia and the inner Western Asia, and on the other hand, to promote the international spread of Chinese language in these regions.

2018 Vol. 3 (3): 83-91 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
91 A New Perspective on Language Policy and Planning in the Framework of Time and Space:A Review of Language Policy Beyond the State
Sheng Jing
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180309

The book under review systematically examines the role of transnational factors in Estonian language policy implementation. These factors include institutions and individuals such as transnational corporations, multilingual migrants and families, speech communities, scholars, teachers, and employees. The papers included in the book cover topics of national security, multilingualism, transcultural institutional languages, family language planning and policy, reginal language varieties and so on. By adopting multiple research methods, including corpus analysis, case study and ethnography, this book unveils the changing framework of time and space in a global and transnational era, which in turn underpins the languages' political and emotional features and the implicit dimensions of language planning.

2018 Vol. 3 (3): 91-96 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
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