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2020 Vol. 5, No. 2
Published: 2020-03-10

 
1 Greater Attention Should Be Paid to the Role of Language in Public Emergencies
Li Yuming
2020 Vol. 5 (2): 1-1 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
5 Forum on the Role of Language in Responding to Public Emergencies
Liu Danqing/Feng Zhiwei/Wang Hui/Li Yuming/Wang Chunhui/Fang Yin/Zhao Shiju/Deng Bijuan
Xin-guan Feiyan (COVID-19): An Emerging Abbreviation in Chinese … Liu Danqing
New Term Formation for Illness Should Be Based on Established Practice … Feng Zhiwei
Enhancing the Role of Public Linguistic Capacity in Responding to Public Emergencies … Wang Hui
On Research Productivity and Publishing in Chinese as a Priority … Li Yuming and Wang Chunhui
On Promoting the Construction of National System and Capacity of Language in Responding to Public Emergencies … Fang Yin
Language as a Positive Driving Force More Needed in Times of Crisis …  Zhao Shiju and Deng Bijuan
2020 Vol. 5 (2): 5-14 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
17 Language Disorders and Speech Therapy in China—The Current Status and Future Development
Shi Dingxu and Yang Yang
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20200201
This study attempts to present an outline of language disorders and speech therapy. It also reports the latest development of speech therapy, focusing on the definition of language disorders and their diagnosis criteria normalization. Under normal circumstances, most infants acquire their first language at the same pace. If a child has not reached the expected level of proficiency at a certain stage, he or she might suffer from language disorders. About 5% to 20% of children suffer from language disorders and should receive speech therapy. Speech therapy has become a rehabilitation profession, and standards have been established for the categorization of language disorders, criteria for their diagnosis and tools for their therapy. This study argues that speech therapy is at its initial stage in China. For its future direction, we suggest that the top priority is to develop a rigorous speech therapy education system in order to provide speech therapy to people suffering from language disorders. The other priority is to formulate a scale of normal Chinese language proficiency to serve as the basis for diagnostic and therapeutic tools. These are enormous tasks involving huge amount of manpower and resources. Their accomplishment requires coordinated and centralized efforts from the whole society.
2020 Vol. 5 (2): 17-24 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
25 Expressive Language Abilities of Mandarin-exposed Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Yi (Esther) Su and Letitia Naigles
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20200202
The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased progressively in recent years. Of note is that expressive language level of five-year-old children with ASD is one of the strongest predictors of outcomes in ASD. Despite the rich literature investigating expressive language development in young children learning Indo-European languages, limited research has explored the current status of the expressive language development of the general population of preschool Chinese children with ASD. The present article first summarizes the characteristics of early expressive language development of preschool children with ASD learning Indo-European languages, and then reviews our recent large-scale studies evaluating expressive language development of the general population of preschool Chinese children with ASD. Specifically, adopting the language assessments of the Putonghua Communicative Development Inventory, these studies have evaluated the lexical, grammatical, pragmatic/socially-based subdomains of language in Chinese preschool children with ASD across the spectrum, making comparisons within the ASD group or across populations (with typically developing children or other groups of children with language delay). The results suggest that Chinese preschool children with ASD demonstrate severe delay in expressive language development. Moreover, the children with ASD vary hugely in their expressive language skills, which is manifested in a number of ways including the varied rate of expressive language development, as well as the exhibition of the variability of expressive language development across and within language domains. These findings highlight the urgency of enforcing efficient early language intervention in Chinese preschool children with ASD; moreover, they also offer specific guidance to the language intervention plans for preschool children with ASD in China.
2020 Vol. 5 (2): 25-34 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
35 Speech and Language Processing Abilities in Chinese Children With Speech Sound Disorders and Language Disorders
Cheung Hintat and Hsu Hsin-jen
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20200203
This study reports the findings from an experimental study of two groups of Chinese-speaking children with speech sound disorders and language disorders. Thirty-four children who were clinically diagnosed as having communication disorders were further divided into two subgroups: one with phonological disorders only (PD) and one with additional language disorders (LI-PD). Their speech-language processing capacities were investigated by three tasks: (a) a picture naming task, (b) a nonword repetition task and (c) a classifier elicitation and learning task. Two control groups, one age-matched group and one younger group, were also examined. In the picture naming task, the LI-PD group showed more variations in their speech productions while the PD group was found to have more consistent substitutions. In the nonword repetition task, both the LI-PD group and the PD group performed significantly poorer than their age-matched controls. However, when consistent articulation errors were not counted incorrect in the children’s response of repeating nonword, age-level mean scores were found in the PD group while a below-age performance was still observed in the LI-PD group. Correlational analyses indicated both nonword repetition and phonological capacity might account for the variations in children’s performance in learning new classifier. These findings also suggested that the difficulties that PD group encountered were more related to oral-motor and articulation of speech sounds while the LI-PD group had processing difficulties at higher cognitive levels, involving phonological processing of speech sounds.
2020 Vol. 5 (2): 35-50 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
51 Multimodal Discourse and AI-Assisted Diagnosis and Intervention of ASD: A Review of Studies Abroad
Ma Bosen, Zeng Xiaorong and Gong Ran
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20200204
Autism has become a major global public health issue due to its rising prevalence rates and severe shortage of diagnostic and intervention resources. Studies of multimodal discourse and AI-assisted diagnosis and intervention of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) play a vital role in actively addressing this challenge. This paper reviews first the research on the multimodal interactive discourse produced by autistic people and the discourse about ASD produced by other people and then the research on AI-assisted diagnosis and intervention of ASD on the basis of multimodal data abroad.
2020 Vol. 5 (2): 51-60 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
61 A Review of Overseas Linguistic Studies on Specific Language Impairment and Some Reflections
He Xiaowei
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20200205
The present paper reviews major studies on Specific Language Impairment (SLI) abroad, particularly those on the linguistic features of SLI children and the theoretical analyses of SLI. SLI has been studied by the international academia for many years, and the major focus has been on the acquisition of inflectional morphemes. The linguistic difference between SLI and High Functioning Autism (HFA) children is another widely explored theme in this field. Various hypotheses or models have been proposed to account for the causes of such deficits, such as perceptual deficit hypothesis, rule-deficit hypothesis, agreement deficit model, agreement and tense omission model, computational grammatical complexity hypothesis, derivational complexity hypothesis, among many others. In contrast, SLI has not received much attention in linguistic and applied linguistic studies in China, and very little is known about the linguistic characteristics of Mandarin-speaking children with SLI. However, it is believed that language data from Mandarin SLI children can bring a new perspective to the issue because inflectional morphology does not play a role in the development of grammar for Chinese-speaking children. To inform further studies on SLI in China, this study puts forward some suggestions, including the development of test scales and comprehensive evaluation tools for SLI.
2020 Vol. 5 (2): 61-70 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
71 Examination System for International Chinese Language Education: Development and Reflections
Zhao Qifeng
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20200206
The history of international promotion of Chinese language can be divided into two phases: teaching Chinese as a foreign language to international learners in China, and international Chinese language education, known as bringing-in stage and going-out stage respectively. Chinese language examinations play a significant role in any historical periods of the teaching practices. This paper reviews the development of an examination system for Chinese-as-foreign-language teaching, and delineates the characteristics of a variety of test forms. Among them, HSK has become a brand test for Chinese-as-foreign-language teaching and learning. The HSK tests have shown inadequacies in the evaluation of high-level Chinese language proficiencies, and cannot meet the needs of customized Chinese language examinations for test takers from various disciplines. This paper proposes three strategies to solve the problems, namely to learn from western countries about the development of language examination systems, construct leveled tests based on disciplines, and provide all-round service for test takers. Such measures may advance the development of a comprehensive Chinese-as-foreign-language examination system.
2020 Vol. 5 (2): 71-79 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
80 The Current Social Recognition and Use of Macao Local Words
Wei Huiping
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20200207
Macao local words mainly consist of loanwords from Portuguese and some special words with regional characteristics. Nowadays not all Macao people can recognize, understand or use the local words. This study investigates Macao people’s awareness and uses of local words in communications. The author conducted a semi-structured interview with 6 individuals in a higher institution in Macao where multilingualism is typical of its working environment. The result shows that the participants showed different perception and attitudes towards the local words. They have a low level of awareness to the loanwords from Portuguese and old-fashioned local words in Macao. Many of such local words are gradually phased out in the language life of Macao people. Among the 87 Macao local words examined in this research, only 12.6% of the so-called “landmark” words have been retained in the participants’ daily languages. It is also found that the loss of local words in Macao’s linguistic repertoire is perceived by Macao people as a natural process in language development. As the research sampling is small, more explorations are required to verify the conclusion derived in this study.
2020 Vol. 5 (2): 80-89 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
90 A Review of An Introduction to Multilingualism: Language in a Changing World
Feng Jiangao and Zhao Ronghui
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20200208
2020 Vol. 5 (2): 90-96 [Abstract] ( 0 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 0 )
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