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2022 Vol. 7, No. 4
Published: 2022-07-10
1
Linguistic Borrowing and Historical Comparison
Pan Wuyun
2022 Vol. 7 (4): 1-1 [
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5
Interdisciplinary Talk
: Philosophers on the Philosophy of the Chinese Language
Han Shuifa, Jiang Yi, Dong Ping and Chen Xiaowen
The Future is on Its Way: The Philosophy of Chinese Language in Terms of General Relativity and Special Relativity ...
Han Shuifa
Triple Dialogues between Chinese Language and Philosophy ...
Jiang Yi
Chinese Language, Existence and Meaning Making ...
Dong Ping
Borderline of the Philosophy of the Chinese Language ...
Chen Xiaowen
2022 Vol. 7 (4): 5-12 [
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13
Introduction
: From Data to Language Data
Li Yuming and Wang Chunhui
2022 Vol. 7 (4): 13-14 [
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15
On Language Data Security
Wang Chunhui
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20220401
In the era of digital economy, data has become one of the basic production factors. Language data is not only a new productive force, but also a stimulus for new relations of production. Language data can be categorized into different types based on various criteria i.e., form, contents, actors, process, and beneficiaries, and its production involves four levels of agency: government, enterprise, community, and individuals. Language data security is an important part of national language security and an indispensable component of the national security system in the new era. Language data security can be classified based on risk level, process, domain, and centrality. Currently, the major problems of language data security include the lack of language data awareness and language data security awareness, overuse or improper use of language data, unclarity of property rights, inattention to the cross-border flow of language data, and inadequate assessment of the security of language data market. In the future, the governance of language data security needs to be enhanced from the perspectives of governance awareness and philosophy, governance status assessment, five major construction sectors, and evaluation feedback.
2022 Vol. 7 (4): 15-25 [
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26
On the Economic Attributes of Language Data
Wang Hailan
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20220402
Language is closely related with economy and scholars have approached the relationship between language and economy from different perspectives. Language has become a new form of human capital, system, and industry. This study focuses on the economic attributes of language. In the era of digital economy, data have become a key factor of production, and language data is the most important type of data. Language elements participate in social production and show significant economic attributes which are mainly reflected in three aspects. First, language data act as an important “material basis” for the development of digital technology, promoting the innovation and development of digital technology and the accumulation of digital technology capital. Second, language data serve as the most important “raw materials” for generating information and knowledge for decision-making, optimizing resource allocation and improving total factor productivity. Third, language data are the “booster” for the formation and development of new language occupations and language industries, promoting social division of labor and optimizing industrial structure. To tap the economic dividends of language data, we need to raise the awareness of language data economy, promote the value of language data, and cultivate and develop language data-related occupations and industries.
2022 Vol. 7 (4): 26-34 [
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35
Development of Language Intelligence Technology and Its Model Construction in Language Data Governance
Zhang Kai, Xue Siyuan and Zhou Jianshe
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20220403
A review of the literature on patent applications for language intelligence technology over the past 60 years (1960– 2019) reveals that language intelligence technology has advanced significantly in the past five years. It is anticipated that the technological explosion will last for a long time in the future. The rapid development of language intelligence technology highlights the increasing importance of language data governance. Focusing on language data service sectors such as machine translation, intelligent customer service, opinion monitoring, and multilingual resource construction, this review paper analyses the tendencies of language data service development empowered by intelligent technologies. It points out that the language data governance system faces two technical complications, namely language data bias, and limitations of the traditional language governance models. In order to resolve the dilemma and challenges in language data processing and mining, three language data governance models are proposed and comparatively analysed, i.e., point aggregation, linear combination, and multi-layer state of affairs, which may serve as a reference for intelligent data governance.
2022 Vol. 7 (4): 35-49 [
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49
Language Technology and Language Protection in the Digital Age: The Case of Europe
Dai Manchun
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20220404
Language technology (LT), which exerts an impact on the fate of languages, contributes to linguistic diversity and language protection in the digital age. Despite its respect for linguistic and cultural plurality, Europe is varied in LT development across languages. Good LT support for English enables it to gain an advantage in digital language practices, particularly on the Internet, penetrating the cyberspace of speakers of other languages, while weak or no LT support results in minoritizing languages on the Internet or even digital extinction. LT contributes to the solution of communication problems as well as the protection of languages in question in the long term. LT, however, is faced with numerous challenges and difficulties that need to be overcome. In this regard, META’s decade-long efforts are valuable lessons to learn. To conclude, protecting languages in the digital age thus poses a big challenge for Europe whose burden to break barriers in communication while protecting all European languages through LT is still heavy.
2022 Vol. 7 (4): 49-60 [
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61
Diverse Views on Language Data and Digital Economy
Huang Shao’an, Wang Zhanglong, Song Hui, Gao Ning, Jiang Guoquan, Rao Gaoqi and Chen Zhenduo
2022 Vol. 7 (4): 61-65 [
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66
Variation and Change of Kinship Terms in Minnan Rural Areas
Fu Yirong
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20220405
Kinship terms and their variation and change have received much attention in previous sociolinguistic studies. At the same time, China’s language situation in rural areas has drawn increasing academic attention with the implementation of rural revitalization. Through investigating the kinship terms for parents, grandparents and grandparents-in-law in Minnan rural areas, we find that the change of kinship terms there mainly occurs in the kinship terms for parents, which shows a higher correlation with speakers’ age than other kinship terms. The younger the speakers are, the more likely they will use
ba
(爸) and
ma
(妈). The kinship terms in Minnan rural areas are characterized by the tendency to address parents as
ba
and
ma
and simplification, namely
ba
and
ma
are spreading but other kinship terms are shrinking. The use of the kinship terms for grandparents and grandparents-in-law has little to do with the age of the speakers and remains in a relatively stable state. Various kinship terms exist in Minnan rural areas, but their use is extremely unbalanced: some are very popular, but others are infrequently used and may disappear at any time. From the sociological perspective as well as the history and reality of Minnan rural areas, the reasons for the change of the kinship terms for parents in Minnan rural areas are the needs and possibilities of social mobility, the fading of the local linguistic culture and the standardization of the kinship terms.
2022 Vol. 7 (4): 66-75 [
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76
Thoughts on Current Situation of Chinese Dialect Cultural Protection
Wang Lining and Kang Jianqiao
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20220406
The dialect culture refers to dialect forms, dialect use, and dialect classification which are valued for their cultural significance and values. The primary goal of dialect culture protection is to preserve and develop dialects based on linguistic surveys. The protection of dialect culture in China has emerged as a new subject field over the past two decades due to the introduction of the view that sees dialects as a resource in maintaining social harmony and justice. Originated from the study of language endangerment, the research concepts, methods, and technologies for dialect culture protection have become more mature as the awareness of the concepts of “language as heritage” and “scientific protection of every ethnic group’s language”. In an extensive review of the past two decades’ experience, this study finds that four approaches to the protection of dialect culture have emerged, namely the establishment of dialect culture museums, the creation of dialect culture and art, the organization of dialect culture campus activities, and the introduction of IT products for dialects. This study argues that the protection of dialect culture is a further development of the national language policy of unity with diversity, which is a crucial contribution to the implementation of the national development strategy of rural revitalization. China’s effort in this area provides theoretical, practical, and technical references to the global community.
2022 Vol. 7 (4): 76-85 [
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86
“X
gongtongti
” Word Family: A Case of Contemporary Political Discourse Construction
Yan Ke
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20220407
The popularization of building a Global Community of Shared Future in current China is an exemplification of the X
gongtongti
construction in the Chinese political discourse. This paper examines the structural features, evolution and political significance of this productive construction. An investigation of the
People’s Daily
corpus shows that the formation of the X
gongtongti
word family has undergone four developmental stages: lexical borrowing, sporadic extensions, proactive extensions, and massive expansion. This evolutionary process is accompanied by two transformations, namely the change of the speaker standpoint from dependent reported-speech to independent self-reporting, and the semantic expansion of the X from the region to the event and subject. Consequently, the agency of conceptualization and the prototypes of cognition in the lexical formation have been reconstructed from the perspective of diversified idealized cognitive models. The thriving of the X
gongtongti
word family can be attributed to cultural-psychological and lexical-structural factors. In the practice of building an international discourse system, the cultural meme of harmony in Chinese thought triggers the speaker’s psychological intention, while the construction of X
gongtongti
provides an accessible structural vehicle for lexical loading. In addition, ample reports in mainstream media enhance its value in the political discourse and its political connotations. This successful discourse innovation as a case highlights the linguistic nature of politics and the political nature of language.
2022 Vol. 7 (4): 86-96 [
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