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2023 Vol. 8, No. 1
Published: 2023-01-10
1
Keep Chinese Civilization and Chinese Language Going together Forever
Guo Xi
2023 Vol. 8 (1): 1-1 [
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Interdisciplinary Talk:
Experts on Family Language Use and Education
Ye Qiang, Liu Meng, Chen You and Su Shangfeng
Some Thoughts on the “Law for Family Language Promotion” from Perspective of Proper Governance of Personal Life ...
Ye Qiang
About the Prevention of Parents’ Oral Violence ...
Liu Meng
About the Need for a Systematic Remedy of Oral Violence in Domestic Setting ...
Chen You
Issues Concerning the Balance between the Inner and External Cycles of Family Language and Its Quality Enhancement ...
Su Shangfeng
2023 Vol. 8 (1): 5-11 [
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12
Introduction:
Language and the New Media: Development and Research Trends
Dong Jie
2023 Vol. 8 (1): 12-13 [
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14
Language Policy 4.0: Agency in an Increasingly Automated Future
Helen Kelly-Holmes
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230101
This paper frames evolving agency in language policy in terms of three eras, language policy 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 respectively, as a way of understanding language policy 4.0 as both a continuum and a disruption in terms of agency. Language policy 1.0 is defined by what Pennycook (2004) calls ‘a striving for singularity’ involving segregationist policies in relation to languages, i.e. strict demarcation of languages from each other, and a macro sociological view of language. The origins of and context for language policy 1.0 include European nation-stated building of the modern period as well as colonialism and later imperialism. The key and perhaps more accurately the sole agents here are states and their agents. Speech communities are primarily geographically or territorially defined, following Herderian ideals of one country, one people, one language. In terms of policies these are mainly de jure or explicit policies. Many of our foundational theories and concepts of language policy, even where they have been critiqued (Walsh and McLeod 2008, Ricento 2000, Shohamy 2006, Hult and Hornberger 2016), come from this era and in many ways we could say the learning from this era constitutes a kind of mainstream that everything else either defaults to or contrasts with. So, language policy 1.0 is a sort of foundational base even if we have perhaps moved away from it. The context for language policy 2.0 is the increasing role of corporations and the consequent growth of commercialization and marketization of societal institutions and practices as well as the growth of multinational companies. Companies have grown their reach beyond their national borders and alongside this has been the development of multinational and ultimately global corporations and businesses, which are often perceived as ‘stateless’ in the sense of not belonging to a particular geographic of lingua-cultural territory. Given this reach, such companies exert a strong influence on language—as well as on many other aspects of life—in the world. Despite this influence, most obviously seen in the spread of English, this is an era that the LPP field knows less about and certainly the role of companies, and in particular multinational companies is, in comparison to the wealth of studies of language policy 1.0 in relation to governments and their agencies, a less well-understood phenomenon. The context for language policy 3.0 and the growing role for individual agency is the emergence of Web 2.0 as a participatory web to which individuals could contribute content and its evolution to Web 3.0 which is about collaboration and integration of those possibilities into everyday life. Instead of or alongside traditional, territorially bound speech communities, we have seen the emergence of ephemeral communities of practice which are constituted around shared interests and shared recognition of repertoires and resource and shared indexicalities (Androutsopoulos’ work (for example, 2014, 2013, 2008) has been particularly influential here) which perhaps go above and beyond the established territorial links or which have perhaps very little to do with top-down government-led language policy. This leads to fragmented and multiplying speech communities, which are being constantly differentiated from each other. Although the large social media companies do have language policies, what has been particularly significant beyond these and the de facto policies of businesses and organisations operating in the digital media are locally situated peer-to-peer policies and contingent normativities rather than one-to-many-type policies or mass policies, and this has been the focus in language policy 3.0 research. The paper concludes by speculating about where we are going in terms of digital technology, namely Web 3.0 and 4.0 which will see increasing automation through Artificial Intelligence, augmented reality and big data, and its implications for language policy. What seems clear even at this stage is that the primary agency in future will be with the technology, and that ‘algorithmic agency’ will increasingly take primacy over human agency. As we embark on language policy 4.0, we need to continue asking the fundamental questions about language policy and to understand it broadly: Why is language being managed? Where? By whom? And for what purposes? And we need to keep exploring, in Heller’s (2007) terms, what naturalizations, objectifications and uniformizations are manifested / maintained, not just in the moment in the micro-level interactions but also in the meso- and macro level activities that are enabling and encouraging these also. It is also important to acknowledge that LP1.0 and 2.0 continue to exist; countries and commercial actors are still active in LPLP and in fact a key challenge lies in identifying the interlinkages and imbalances between all potential agents—countries, companies, individuals, automation—at different moments in time and in different spaces. This involves critiquing but also maintaining concepts learned from previous eras and balancing a portfolio of concepts and learnings from across these eras.
2023 Vol. 8 (1): 14-25 [
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26
How does a New Media Linguistic Community Come into Being: Taking the Language Practices of the BYM Community on
Sina
Weibo as an Example
Song Yang and Feng Yuhan
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230102
With the increasing popularity of social media, Internet users tend to mobilize diverse semiotic resources including different languages, linguistic varieties, emoticons, Graphics Interchange Formats (GIFs), and memes to participate in the construction of different online communities. Based on online ethnography, this study longitudinally tracks the language practices of the producer of Blow Your Mind (BYM), a popular podcast program, and his interactions with followers on Sina Weibo. Drawing on sociolinguistic theories on new media communities, we aim to examine the construction process and defining features of the BYM linguistic community and to identify the linguistic strategies involved. The analysis shows that the podcaster and his followers jointly participated in the negotiation and confirmation of their shared multilingual ideologies, carried out cross-domain language management, and constructed a BYM linguistic community on Weibo. This linguistic community features a diversity of translanguaging practices, including playful communal member naming, narratives of personal growth, informal learning, and lifestyle sharing. The new-media linguistic community in this case is dynamic, emergent, and transcultural. It integrates the characteristics of affinity space, light community, transidiomatic groups, and metalinguistic community. The BYM community on Weibo successfully attracts niche followers with specific personality traits and serves as a platform for knowledge and hobby sharing, linguistic play and innovation, and emotional support for community members. This study also offers theoretical and practical implications for future research on cross-platform new media linguistic communities.
2023 Vol. 8 (1): 26-38 [
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39
Language and the New Media: Research Perspectives, Methods and Directions
Dong Jie, Wang Shuo, Kanae Obata and Liu Qing
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230103
This article discusses the recent development in the field of language and the new media. The research perspectives and methods are reviewed to explore the intertwining relations among language usage, interactional and communicative patterns, and the new media users. Research perspectives have shifted from the categorization of Internet language and the description of its features, to the changes in communicative patterns, and in the production, circulation as well as uptake of online information. This article particularly focuses on virtual identity construction, online community making, and Internet language governance. In addition, research methods have expanded from traditional sociolinguistic methods such as questionnaires and interviews to innovative methods that are able to deal with online communication and information circulation. While reviewing and discussing the research methods used in this field, this article pays particular attention to online ethnography. In the conclusion part, the article discusses the possibility of constructing a field of online language and new media research with Chinese characteristics; such a research field would reflect the unique features of the Chinese Internet and enable researchers to understand the Chinese society in an in-depth and holistic way.
2023 Vol. 8 (1): 39-49 [
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50
Diverse Views on Language and the New Media
Li Yuming, Liu Pengfei, Ren Wei, Huang Zhibo, Xu Longtao and Wang Lei
2023 Vol. 8 (1): 50-54 [
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55
Introduction:
Development of Chinese Forensic Linguistics and Future Research Topics
Zhang Falian
2023 Vol. 8 (1): 55-56 [
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57
A Continuum Model of Politeness Strategies for Studies of Chinese Criminal Courtroom Discourse
Liao Meizhen
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230104
Previous studies have shown that politeness theories and models based on the traditional and popular dichotomy of politeness vs. non-politeness cannot provide an accurate representation of politeness strategies used in courtroom discourse. This study proposes a separate dimension between politeness and non-politeness. Based on Leech’s classification of illocutionary acts, this study constructs a continuum model of positive, neutral, and negative politeness. This model was applied in the analysis of a corpus of 8 transcripts of Chinese criminal courtroom trials conducted in different jurisdictions at different levels of courts of China ranging from 2001 to 2017. The findings reveal that either at the macro level or the micro level, the use of politeness strategies in the Chinese criminal courtroom discourse is a complex and dynamic web in the form of a continuum of positive, neutral, and negative politeness. However, the distribution of politeness strategies in the continuum is uneven. Neutral politeness strategies rank the top, followed by negative ones, and positive ones are least used. The findings were interpreted in terms of activity types or language games, speech act functions, the Goal-driven Principle, and the Chinese legal culture, ideology, and tradition. The implications of this study were discussed for legal practice and reform in China as well as for further politeness studies, particularly in institutional settings.
2023 Vol. 8 (1): 57-73 [
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74
Reflections on the Status Quo of Translation Norms for Chinese Legislative Language
Zhao Junfeng, Xue Jie and Zhang Wenlong
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230105
Legislative language has a core position in the language of the law. Non-normative expression and translation of legislative language imperils the quality of legislation and are detrimental to shaping international image of China regarding its rule of law. An investigation on the status quo of the normalization of legislative language and translation reveals that though China has come to noticeable fruition by enacting the
Legislation Law of the People’s Republic of China
and
Tentative Drafting Guidelines
, more efforts are needed with regard to the systematization and institutionalization of language norms. In terms of the translation of legislative texts, there are only a few general principles put forward by scholars but no regulatory guidance containing applicable rules. The main reason for this situation is that the academic community has long neglected education and research related to legislative language, and the legislature has also belittled the position of language in the drafting of law. Norm-building experience outside Chinese Mainland are useful references for normalizing Chinese legislative language and its translation. By examining the legislative technical specifications in other countries or regions, this paper puts forward feasible suggestions that a more comprehensive normative system of legislative language should be established, a standardized multilingual terminology database be built, and the mechanisms for reviewing both legislative language and its translation be strengthened.
2023 Vol. 8 (1): 74-82 [
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83
Diverse Views on Language and the Law
Zou Yuhua, Zhu Yong, Dou Kun, Xu Wenbin and Ma Yanfeng
2023 Vol. 8 (1): 83-86 [
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87
A Study of the Protection and Inheritance of Meizhou Hakka Folk Songs
Qiu Chun’an, Yan Xiuhong and Wang Rong
DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230106
In the past decade, Meizhou Hakka folk songs have been ignored and faced with the difficulty of inheritance. Through interviews with relevant agents, such as local cultural departments, inheritors, and front-line actors, it is found that the decline of the Hakka dialect has affected the inheritance of Hakka folk songs. The protection and inheritance of Hakka folk songs are faced with various practical difficulties such as the loss of contexts, the shortage of talents, and the lack of innovation. Although it is difficult to implement protection policies, the protection and inheritance of Hakka folk songs is in line with the national strategy of rural revitalization. The creation of new Hakka folk songs should be both conservative and innovative. Suggestions are put forward as follows: firstly, the local government should change its views in order to organize, coordinate, and implement the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage; secondly, the government, art troupes, and arts companies should strengthen the communication and publicity at home and abroad, and innovate the forms of publicity; thirdly, art troupes, arts companies and singers should strengthen the innovation of works and performance forms; finally, taking the road of marketization and industrialization with the aid of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the “the Belt and Road” platform.
2023 Vol. 8 (1): 87-96 [
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