This article exams some phenomena concerning migrant workers’ use of hometown dialects and the acquisition/use of Putonghua and host town dialects. It explores the interactions between these phenomena and national identity construction. The first section gives a background introduction. The second section analyzes migrant workers and their children’s use of Putonghua, hometown dialects and host town dialects from the perspectives of acquisition and motivation. The third part, through the perspectives of migrant’s prospect of settling down in the host towns, residential permit management, relationships among hometown language, host town language and national language, and the media’s roles, discusses some predominant issues concerning the relationship between language use/acquisition and national identity construction. The articles concludes with four specifi c suggestions for how to deal with the issues raised above.