2025年3月31日 星期一
语言战略研究
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新中国语文教育七十年
顾之川
浙江师范大学 人文学院 浙江 金华 321004;人民教育出版社 中学语文编辑室 北京 100081
Seventy Years of Chinese Language Education in New China
Gu Zhichuan

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文章导读 中国语文教育与汉语言文字同步产生,最早可以追溯到甲骨卜辞文献的撰写解读,至少已有3500多年历史,源远流长,具有悠久历史文化传统。1904年1月,清政府批准并颁行张百熙、荣庆、张之洞拟制的《奏定学堂章程》,史称“癸卯学制”。以此为标志,中国开始建立现代教育制度,语文教育逐步走上科学发展道路。1949年新中国成立,开启了语文教育新纪元。70年来,中国语文教育走过一条波澜壮阔、接续前行的发展之路。广大语文教育工作者不忘初心,砥砺奋进,贯彻党的教育方针,坚持立德树人,推进学术创新,为提高国民语文素养发挥了重要作用。总结梳理,爬罗剔抉,勾勒语文人的奋斗历程,解读语文教育的内在规律,为进一步发展提供精神激励,是其是而非其非,不仅十分必要,而且非常迫切。
摘要 本文将新中国成立70年来的语文教育研究分为初创、改革、复兴3个时期,分别追溯其时代背景,记述相关语文人物与事件,梳理具有代表性的研究成果,归纳总结经验教训。初创期,语文学习成为全党政治任务,汉语、文学分科教学,工具论成为指导思想,“文革”使语文教育遭受严重破坏。改革期,拨乱反正、改革开放成为主旋律,一批语文大家发挥引领作用,语文教师改革热情高涨,全国中语会、小语会发挥了重要作用。复兴期,语文教育受到高度重视,新课标、新教材、新高考稳步实施,区域性教学研究日趋活跃,但仍存在缺憾。在新时代,语文教育必将在立德树人和培养语文能力上发挥更大作用。
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顾之川
关键词 新中国70年语文教育中小学课程教材    
Abstract:This paper offers an overview of the historical development of Chinese language education in the past seventy years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The Chinese language education in China can be divided into three phases: inception stage, reform stage and rejuvenation stage. In the inception stage (1949–1977), Chinese language education was a political mission for the Communist Party and the government, and an array of corpus and status planning endeavors for the Chinese language and written characters were made (e.g. publication of Hanyu Pinyin romanization system, simplification of Chinese characters, and promotion of Mandarin Chinese). The Chinese language was mainly conceptualized as a tool. However, the Cultural Revolution caused severe damage to the Chinese language education. In the reform stage (1978–2011), Chinese language education was brought back to order, and many eminent educators and scholars participated in the public discussion of Chinese education in schools. Moreover, a national-wide Chinese language education survey was conducted and several rounds of Chinese language curriculum reform were carried out in this period. The rejuvenation stage (2012–2019) witnessed the adoption of a new Chinese language syllabus and curriculum, and regional Chinese language teaching was becoming increasingly active. In view of the merits and problems in the past seven decades’ Chinese language education, this paper concludes that Chinese language education still assumes a paramount role in nurturing good virtues and characters and developing Chinese language skills.
Key wordsChinese language education    New China    primary and secondary schools    curriculum and textbooks    historical development
    
基金资助:本文为国家语委“十三五”科研规划2018年度重点项目“大中小学语文教材建设统筹规划研究”(ZD1135-73)阶段性成果。感谢审稿专家提出的修改意见。
作者简介: 顾之川,浙江师范大学教授,人民教育出版社编审,中国教育学会中学语文教学专业委员会理事长。主要研究方向为语文教育。
引用本文:   
顾之川. 新中国语文教育七十年[J]. 语言战略研究, 2019, 4(4): 38-48.
Gu Zhichuan. Seventy Years of Chinese Language Education in New China. , 2019, 4(4): 38-48.
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