摘要基于从Web of Science等大规模文献数据库穷尽检索得到的131篇语言冲突研究文献，梳理了国际上对语言冲突的研究概况，包括语言冲突的定义、分类、诱因，语言冲突与语言竞争的区别，以及主要研究方法。纵观现有的国际语言冲突研究，国外学者应用较多的理论框架有4个：语言接触理论、语言安全理论、语言认同理论和语言权利理论。现有研究存在一些缺憾：第一，实证研究居多，缺乏整体意义的理论建构，难以形成有影响力的学派；第二，碎片化的个案研究多，综合性研究少，特别缺乏横向的国别比较研究和纵向的历史比较研究；第三，描述性研究居多，对策性研究缺失。展望未来，应进一步拓宽研究领域，将国际组织层面的语言冲突纳入研究范围；在关注语言权利的同时，重视语言伦理的德治社会效应；优化语言冲突的应对方略，建立预防和治理语言冲突的长久机制。
Abstract：Based on extant literature drawn from WoS and other databases, this paper reviews the current state of international language conflict research, including the definitions, categories, causes, research methods, and differences between language conflict and language competition. It is found that four theoretical frameworks have been applied in the existing studies: language contact theory, language security theory, language identity theory and linguistic rights theory. The following three research gaps can be identified. Firstly, the abundance of empirical research and lack of theoretical construction makes it difficult to form any influential schools of thought; secondly, the focus on isolated case studies neglects the need for comparative and comprehensive research; thirdly, the lack of practical solutions reduces the social relevance and value of research. Future research should examine language conflicts at the level of international organizations, consider linguistic ethics along with linguistic rights, and establish long-term mechanisms for preventing and managing language conflicts.
方小兵. 国际语言冲突研究的现状、问题与对策[J]. 语言战略研究, 2024, 9(2): 41-52.
Fang Xiaobing. International Study of Language Conflict: Retrospect and Prospect. , 2024, 9(2): 41-52.
