Abstract：Europe is a region characterized by the coexistence of linguistic diversity and language conflicts for centuries. This paper offers a panoramic examination and in-depth case analyses of language conflict events in Europe since 1980. The study draws upon existing databases, including the Protest and Coercion Data, Hate Crime Data, and the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project, incorporating the HIEF (Heterogeneity Index of Ethnic Fractionalization) into the discussion. Over the past 40 years, language conflicts have been documented in 60% of European countries (27 countries), involving 43 languages, indicative of the widespread prevalence of the phenomenon. While the proportion of language conflicts, relative to the total number of conflict events, is not substantial, their impact is noteworthy. The primary issues raised in these conflicts pertain to administration, education, and justice, among others, with most being peacefully resolved, primarily through legislative measures on language rights. However, in regions with deeply entrenched nationalist ideologies, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe—including Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, and Ukraine—language conflicts have escalated into serious armed conflicts or diplomatic frictions, raising significant concerns at the European regional level. As European societies and governments adopt a more tolerant attitude towards linguistic super-diversity, language conflicts may persist on a broad scale but with diminished intensity, which introduces new challenges for future research and language management.
何山华，王靖雯. 基于统计数据的欧洲40年来语言冲突研究[J]. 语言战略研究, 2024, 9(2): 64-76.
He Shanhua and Wang Jingwen. Data-Based Statistical Study of Language Conflicts in Europe Over the Past Forty Years. , 2024, 9(2): 64-76.
