中国语言教育政策百年演变及思考

doi:10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180501

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摘要

本文回顾、梳理了中国语言教育政策的演变过程，认为影响这个演变的两大主要因素是全球化和民族国家建设。全球化直接导致了中国的政治地理格局，造成了中国不同地区语言教育政策的分分合合，至今仍未取得理想的和谐与统一。百年来，中国的民族国家建设经历了4个不同的模式。每个民族国家建设模式都有自己的语言意识形态，并以其意识形态为基础形成语言立法，制定语言教育政策，以建设有效的语言秩序。但是万变不离其宗，清朝政府1911年通过的《国语统一办法案》仍是各届政府语言教育政策参照的蓝本。由于时代背景的限制，这个蓝本不能充分满足当代中国语言教育的需要。当代语言教育政策面临多重挑战：一要满足民族国家建设的需要；二要兼顾社区的语言多元现实；三要让国民有愉悦的语言学习过程，使他们成为忠诚的和合格的公民；四要培养国民的全球竞争能力。

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	周明朗

关键词 ：语言教育政策, 全球化, 民族国家建设, 语言意识形态, 语言秩序

Abstract：

This article reviews and analyzes the evolution of language education policies in Greater China in the last one hundred years. It points out that globalization and nation-state building are the two most important factors that have affected this evolution. Globalization broke imperial China into separate lands, leading to diversity in language education policies and unfulfilled wishes for the unification of these policies. In the past century, Greater China experienced four models of nation-state building. Every model had its own language ideology, and, language education policies on the basis of this ideology, developed a corresponding language order. More or less, these language education policies followed the Qing dynasty’s 1911 Act of the Unification of the National Language. However, with changing political landscape, the Qing’s plan cannot answer today’s language education challenges. Now language education policies must meet the needs of nation-state building, take into account the linguistic diversity in various communities, make language learning a pleasant experience for every student so that they become loyal and qualified citizens, and prepare citizens for global competition.

Key words： language education policy globalization nation-state building language ideology language order

基金资助:本文由拙作Language Policies and Education in Greater China（2017b）改写。

作者简介: 周明朗，男，美国马里兰大学副教授，主要研究方向为宏观社会语言学及国际汉语教育。

引用本文:

周明朗. 中国语言教育政策百年演变及思考[J]. 语言战略研究, 2018, 3(5): 11-20.
Zhou Minglang. The Evolution of Language Education Policies in Greater China in the Last One Hundred Years. , 2018, 3(5): 11-20.

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