哈萨克斯坦文字拉丁化改革:从探讨到实践

吴宏伟

语言战略研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (4) : 31-41.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (4) : 31-41. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180403
语言战略研究

哈萨克斯坦文字拉丁化改革:从探讨到实践

  • 吴宏伟
作者信息 +

Reform of Alphabetic Latinization in Kazakhstan: From Theoretical Discussion into Practice

  • Wu Hongwei
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文章历史 +

摘要

苏联时期,包括哈萨克文在内的许多民族文字在20 世纪前半期都曾经历过拉丁字母化和后来的基里尔字母化两次较大的文字改革。1991 年中亚国家独立以后,在土耳其影响下,出现将主体民族以基里尔字母为基础的文字进行拉丁化改革的讨论。1993 年,乌兹别克斯坦和土库曼斯坦率先进行文字拉丁化改革。2017 年年底,哈萨克斯坦经过多年争论和探讨之后也最终决定正式开启哈萨克文拉丁化改革,并规划在2025 年最终完成拉丁化改革工作。从乌兹别克斯坦和土库曼斯坦改革经验看,语言有自身发展规律,人为缩短发展进程可能会产生意想不到的结果。文字改革之后的哈萨克斯坦可能会出现两种文字体系并存并持续多年的情况。中国哈萨克文在20 世纪60 至80 年代也经历过拉丁化改革,现在使用的是以阿拉伯字母为基础的文字。

Abstract

During the Soviet era, languages of many nations, including Kazakh, once used the Latin alphabet, and later used Cyrillic alphabet in the fi rst half of the 20th century. After the independence in 1991, under the infl uence of Turkey, Central Asian countries put forward the discussion about the use of Latin alphabet on the basis of main nation language. In 1993, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan took the lead in reform of alphabetic Latinization. In the end of 2017, after years of debates and discussions, Kazakhstan finally started the reform of alphabetic Latinization and planned to finish it in 2025. According to the reform experience in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, languages have their own rules of self-development. Artifi cial shortening the process of development may produce unexpected results. After the reform of alphabetic Latinization, there would be the coexistence of two alphabet systems in Kazakhstan. In 1960s-1980s, Kazakh in China also experienced reform of alphabetic Latinization. Nowadays, letters on the basis of Arabic alphabet are widely used.

关键词

哈萨克斯坦 / 拉丁化改革 / 回顾与现状 / 未来趋势

Key words

Kazakhstan / reform of alphabetic Latinization / review and current status / future trends

引用本文

导出引用
吴宏伟. 哈萨克斯坦文字拉丁化改革:从探讨到实践[J]. 语言战略研究. 2018, 3(4): 31-41 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180403
Wu Hongwei. Reform of Alphabetic Latinization in Kazakhstan: From Theoretical Discussion into Practice[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2018, 3(4): 31-41 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180403

参考文献

阿力肯·阿吾哈力 2006 《哈萨克斯坦哈萨克语教程》(第一册),北京:民族出版社。
埃·捷尼舍夫 1981 《突厥语言研究导论》,陈鹏译,北京:中国社会科学出版社。
乌·阿·伊斯特林 1987 《文字的产生和发展》,左少兴译,北京:北京大学出版社。

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