语言规划者研究:从实践到理论——《语言的守护者》述评

王亚蓝

语言战略研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (4) : 89-96.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (4) : 89-96. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180408
语言战略研究

语言规划者研究:从实践到理论——《语言的守护者》述评

  • 王亚蓝
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Guardians in Language Planning from Political to Theoretical Aspects:A Review of Guardians of Language

  • Wang Yalan
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摘要

同其他人类的规划行为一样,规划者是语言政策研究需要考察的关键变量之一。但长久以来,学术界对语言规划者的研究大多散见于各类期刊和著作中,不成体系且在深度上也极为有限,大部分往往停留在对规划者的简单回顾和分类之上。不同于先前的研究,本书作者精心选取了历史上的20 位个体规划者,关注他们如何培育、管理语言并制定语言政策。在总结上述规划者共同点的基础上,该书尝试着构建了一个包含5个维度的语言规划目标模型:现代性/ 保守性、普遍性/ 唯一性、统一性/ 多元性、支配性/ 自由性和精英化/ 平等化。我们认为,考虑到当前语言政策领域的实际情况,未来涉及规划者的研究不仅要重视单一的宏观或微观层面,更要关注宏、微观的交互性研究,以便梳理和总结语言政策的一般规律模式。此外,该书采用的“访谈”式研究方法,也值得在后续研究中进一步探索。

Abstract

This review aims to briefl y discuss and comment on the book Guardians of Language (Florian Coulmas, 2016). Similar to other human planning activities, actor is one of the most signifi cant variables that need to be examined in language policy making. However, for a long time, the discussion of language planning actors have been scattered across various journal articles and books. These studies are both unsystematic and rather limited in depth, most of which are merely simple reviews and classifications of actors. Different from previous studies, the author of the book carefully selects twenty individual actors in history from medieval to modern times and then focuses on their roles in cultivating and managing language as well as formulating language policy. Drawing upon the common features of the above actors, the book makes an attempt to advance a model for language planning goals with five counterparts: modernization vs. conservation, universality vs. uniqueness, unity vs.pluralism, domination vs. liberation, elitism vs. egalitarianism. In conclusion, I argue that considering the current situation in language policy research, future works involving language planning actors should not only simply focus on macroscopic or microscopic level, but also pay attention to the interactions within these two levels in order to come out with the general patterns of language policy. In addition, the ‘imaginary interview’ method adopted in this book is also worth for exploration in future endeavors.

关键词

语言规划者 / 语言规划 / 语言政策 / 理论模型

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王亚蓝. 语言规划者研究:从实践到理论——《语言的守护者》述评[J]. 语言战略研究. 2018, 3(4): 89-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180408
Wang Yalan. Guardians in Language Planning from Political to Theoretical Aspects:A Review of Guardians of Language[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2018, 3(4): 89-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180408

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