独龙族是云南特有民族中人口最少、高度聚居的民族,也是中国人口最少的民族之一。本文以问卷调查的形式对云南省怒江州贡山独龙族怒族自治县独龙江乡独龙族村民母语能力进行了调查。调查发现,独龙族村民母语“听说”能力保持较好,绝大多数独龙族村民能听懂本民族语言,也能用本民族语言与人交谈,但是具有母语“读写”能力的独龙族村民不多,本民族文字在独龙江乡没有得到广泛传播。独龙族村民母语“听说”能力与年龄和受教育程度的关系密切,“读写”能力则与性别、年龄、受教育程度及居住的地域相关。
The Derung People, as an ethnic group with the smallest population among the ethnic minorities in Yunnan Province, live in a highly compacted community along the Derung River in remote northwestern Yunnan. Through a questionnaire survey and interviews, the current study examines the mother tongue competence of Derung villagers in the Dulongjiang Township. The findings show that the majority of them are able to communicate with members of their community in Derung, but, in comparison to their fairly higher oral and aural proficiency, only a limited number of Derung people acquire native literacy. This lack indicates that the popularization of the Derung script is far from satisfactory in Dulongjiang Township. In order to identify factors underlining this discrepancy, SPSS19.0 is employed to perform a quantitatively analysis of the data. The analysis demonstrates that their oral and aural competence goes up with age and goes down with their educational level, while their literacy competence is most positively associated with the cohort of 20-39 years old, males, and downstream residents.