摘要
语言障碍和语音障碍在美国精神医学协会2013年出版的第5版《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》中是沟通障碍下的两个次分类,各有不同诊断准则。不过《手册》中也指出,语言障碍患者有可能同时患有语音障碍,但是现有文献对这两种障碍儿童在汉语中的共病表征却甚少报告。故此本研究检测了两组被诊断为语音障碍的汉语儿童,一组只有语音的困难(PD),另一组则同时患有语音和语言障碍(LI-PD),比较两组在发音、音系工作记忆和词汇学习三项任务中的表现,并以两个正常对照组作为参照。结果显示,虽然两个障碍组儿童在发音准确度上没有重大差别,但LI-PD组出现较多的错误发音变异,音系工作记忆比同年龄正常对照组弱,新词的学习也不理想。综合各项任务分析推论,PD组儿童的发音困难可能是在口腔运动层面,而LI-PD组的发音问题,可能涉及更高层次的音系系统运作,从语音处理到语言分析都受到影响。
Abstract
This study reports the findings from an experimental study of two groups of Chinese-speaking children with speech sound disorders and language disorders. Thirty-four children who were clinically diagnosed as having communication disorders were further divided into two subgroups: one with phonological disorders only (PD) and one with additional language disorders (LI-PD). Their speech-language processing capacities were investigated by three tasks: (a) a picture naming task, (b) a nonword repetition task and (c) a classifier elicitation and learning task. Two control groups, one age-matched group and one younger group, were also examined. In the picture naming task, the LI-PD group showed more variations in their speech productions while the PD group was found to have more consistent substitutions. In the nonword repetition task, both the LI-PD group and the PD group performed significantly poorer than their age-matched controls. However, when consistent articulation errors were not counted incorrect in the children’s response of repeating nonword, age-level mean scores were found in the PD group while a below-age performance was still observed in the LI-PD group. Correlational analyses indicated both nonword repetition and phonological capacity might account for the variations in children’s performance in learning new classifier. These findings also suggested that the difficulties that PD group encountered were more related to oral-motor and articulation of speech sounds while the LI-PD group had processing difficulties at higher cognitive levels, involving phonological processing of speech sounds.
关键词
语言障碍 /
语音障碍 /
语言发展 /
工作记忆 /
汉语
Key words
language disorder /
speech sound disorder /
language development /
working memory /
Chinese
张显达,许馨仁.
从语音处理能力看儿童语音障碍与语言障碍的共性与差异[J]. 语言战略研究. 2020, 5(2): 35-50 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20200203
Cheung Hintat and Hsu Hsin-jen.
Speech and Language Processing Abilities in Chinese Children With Speech Sound Disorders and Language Disorders[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2020, 5(2): 35-50 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20200203
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