“3·11”东日本大震灾应急语言服务

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语言战略研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (3) : 62-74.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (3) : 62-74. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20200306
语言战略研究

“3·11”东日本大震灾应急语言服务

  • 包联群
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Emergency Language Service for 3/11 Great East Japan Earthquake

  • Bao Lianqun
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摘要

本研究以“3·11”东日本大震灾为个案分析日本针对突发灾害的多语言服务情况。在阐述日本应急语言服务相关法规、制度及运行机制的基础上,详细介绍了“3·11”东日本大震灾应急多语言服务具体措施,包括服务方式:窗口咨询,电话咨询,电视、收音机广播,网络/网络“收音机”广播服务等;服务语言:10多个外语语种、“简明日语”和方言服务;服务内容:提供便于携带的《日常生活多语种指南》和《防灾多语种指南》手册,提供重灾区避难所、地震/余震、撤离联系电话/集合地点、防核辐射知识、水电、银行、道路交通、饮用水和蔬菜污染等相关应急、日常信息等。震灾突发时日本实施多语言服务的成果,大多得益于平时充分的准备工作和以往丰富实践经验与教训的总结。日本通过成立多语言服务团队挖掘市民力量,实施人才培训,储备用于应急的社会资源,实现了纵向(政府)与横向(民间团体)有机联合的机制,但同时也存在一些不足之处,如对应急语言服务宣传不足、未建立常驻外国人之间完善有效的“社会联络网机制”等。基于震灾应急语言的经验和不足以及此后日本应急语言服务的完善与提升,提出对中国构筑应急多语言服务体系的启示。

Abstract

This paper takes the 3/11 Great East Japan Earthquake as an example to introduce the situation of emergency language service in Japan. Firstly, it introduces the emergency disaster laws and regulations, relevant government service agencies and operational systems of Japan. Secondly, through the case introductions, it was clarified that the way of emergency language service for 3/11 Great East Japan Earthquake was not limited to specially set up service windows and carrying out face-to-face consultation service. It also included telephone consultation services, TV / radio, network / network radio of multilingual services such as broadcast, etc. There are more than 10 service languages, as well as concise Japanese services and dialect services. The contents of these emergency language services include: the provision of portable manuals of Multilingual Guide for Daily Life and Multilingual Guide for Disaster Prevention; the provision of emergency daily information such as relevant refuges urgently needed by foreigners in severely affected areas, earthquakes / aftershocks, and evacuation contact numbers / assembly locations, knowledge of nuclear radiation prevention, electricity and water, bank and road traffic, related drinking water and vegetable pollution, etc. Thirdly, this paper summarizes the results of multilingual services implemented in Japan in case of
an earthquake, most of which come from the continuous improvement and previous experience. Through the establishment of a multilingual service team to tap the strength of citizens and implement talent training in order to prepare social resources for emergency, Japan has realized the vertical (government) and horizontal (Civil Society) organic joint systems. At the same time, some problems and limitations are pointed out, such as insufficient publicity of emergency language services, and the failure to establish a comprehensive and effective “Social Network” systems between resident foreigners. Finally, the paper discusses the current situation of the improvement of emergency language service after the “3/11” Great East Japan Earthquake, and puts forward the suggestions on building up China's emergency language service system.

关键词

&ldquo / / 11&rdquo / 东日本大震灾 / 应急语言服务 / 多语言 / 简明日语 / 方言 / 应急多语言服务体系

Key words

3/11 Great East Japan Earthquake / emergency language service / multi language / Concise (Easy) Japanese / dialect / emergency multi language service system

引用本文

导出引用
包联群. “3·11”东日本大震灾应急语言服务[J]. 语言战略研究. 2020, 5(3): 62-74 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20200306
Bao Lianqun. Emergency Language Service for 3/11 Great East Japan Earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2020, 5(3): 62-74 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20200306

基金

本文基于2012年1月7~8日在广州大学召开的中国“语言服务研究高级论坛”上的发言稿修改而成。在此特别感谢匿名审稿专家和编辑部以及与会专家。本文部分成果曾得到日本学术振兴会科研经费(JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP 23401023)赞助。

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