幼儿教师儿向语言研究

李建涛

语言战略研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (3) : 47-57.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (3) : 47-57. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230304
语言战略研究

幼儿教师儿向语言研究

  • 李建涛
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A Study of Child-Directed Speech of Kindergarten Teachers

  • Li Jiantao
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摘要

儿童是在互动中习得语言的,与儿童互动的“涉儿群体”都有可能影响儿童语言的发展,其中就包括幼儿教师,其教学语言也可称为“儿向语言”。高质量儿向语言的运用与儿童良好语言习惯的形成、理解和表达能力的培养等密切相关,提高幼儿教师儿向语言的“发展性”,能将语言准备有机融入幼小过渡中,促进科学的幼小衔接。本文利用B站幼儿园教学视频和实录音频,从语音(音高、语速)、词汇(表疑问的句末语气助词、认识义情态词、人称代词)、句法(平均话语长度)、语用策略(提问类型)等方面考察幼儿教师儿向语言的纵向动态,揭示出该群体儿向语言“发展性”不足的问题,即基频、语速不会随儿童年级变化而明显调整,词汇使用仅适用较低的认知发展水平,平均话语长度调整不显著,封闭性提问占主导等。据此提出针对性改进策略:在大班下学期幼儿教师可以适当提高平均语速,降低平均基频,提高句法复杂度,增加开放性提问等。

Abstract

Children acquire language in interactions, and all groups with whom children interact may influence their language development, including kindergarten teachers who need to create a positive language environment. The language used by kindergarten teachers for instruction is referred to as Child-Directed Speech (CDS). This study collects kindergarten teaching videos from Bilibili and audio recordings. It examines the longitudinal dynamics of kindergarten teachers’ CDS along four dimensions: phonology (such as pitch and speech rate), vocabulary (including interrogative sentence final particles, epistemic modality, and pronouns), syntax (such as the mean length of utterances), and pragmatic strategies (question types). The study reveals deficiencies in the developmentality and proposes several strategies for improvement, such as increasing the average speech rate, lowering the mean pitch, increasing syntactic complexity, and using more open-ended questions in the second semester of senior-class children. Improving the developmentality of kindergarten teachers’ CDS can organically integrate language preparation into the kindergarten curriculum and facilitate a scientific transition from kindergartens to primary schools.

关键词

涉儿群体 / 幼儿教师 / 儿向语言 / 发展性 / 幼小衔接

Key words

child-related groups / kindergarten teachers / Child-Directed Speech (CDS) / developmentality / transition from kindergartens to primary schools

引用本文

导出引用
李建涛. 幼儿教师儿向语言研究[J]. 语言战略研究. 2023, 8(3): 47-57 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230304
Li Jiantao. A Study of Child-Directed Speech of Kindergarten Teachers[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2023, 8(3): 47-57 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230304

基金

国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国学前儿童语料库建设及运作研究”(19AYY010),北京语言大学校级项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(22YBB17)。感谢匿名审稿专家为本文提出的宝贵意见。

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