摘要
对于移民群体在移民后的居住国异质政治、经济、社会、文化、语言环境中如何克服语言障碍实现跨语言沟通,移民语言跟居住国主体语言长期接触会发生哪些语言变化,产生何种结果等问题,本文尝试性地提出了移民语言适应的概念,根据移民群体的语言活力,将语言适应的选择策略或选择类型区分为顺外传内(传承)、同外弃内(同化)、隔外存内(分隔)、融外削内(融合)、游外离内(边缘化)等5种,以描述移民语言适应的双维度特性、历时性、多样性、长期性、调适性、双向性和多面性,并论证移民语言适应的研究范式。移民语言适应研究也可与普通语言学、接触语言学、社会语言学、民族语言学、海外华语传承等学科及相关领域研究互为借鉴。
Abstract
After an emigrant group moves to another country, how can they overcome the language barriers and realize cross-lingual communication in the heterogeneous political, economic, social, cultural, and linguistic environment of the host country? What are the linguistic changes and consequences of long-term contact between the emigrant language and the dominant language of the host country? In order to answer these questions, this article attempts to propose the concept of emigrant language adaptation. Based on the language vitality of emigrant groups, five selection strategies or types of language adaptation are distinguished, which are: (1) adaption to the external dominant language and inheritance of the internal emigrant mother tongue (inheritance); (2) assimilation into the external dominant language and abandonment of the internal emigrant mother tongue (assimilation); (3) isolation from the external dominant language and living in the emigrant language community (segregation); (4) integration into the external dominant language and culture, with weakening emigrant language and culture (integration); (5) floating on the edge of external dominant languages and internal emigrant languages (marginalization). This article, in terms of emigrant language adaptation, describes the characteristics of dual dimension, diachrony, diversity, protracted nature, adaptability, bidirectionality, and polyhedrality, and demonstrates the research paradigm. The study of language adaptation of emigrants can also provide some reference and enlightenment for the research in general linguistics, contact linguistics, sociolinguistics, ethnic linguistics, overseas Chinese inheritance, and other disciplines and related fields.
关键词
移民 /
语言适应 /
语言接触 /
祖语 /
范式
Key words
emigration /
language adaptation /
language contact /
heritage language /
paradigm
周庆生.
论移民语言适应[J]. 语言战略研究. 2023, 8(4): 57-68 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230405
Zhou Qingsheng.
On Language Adaptation of Emigrants[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2023, 8(4): 57-68 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230405
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基金
2019年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“马尼拉华裔移民语言适应研究”(19AZD038)。本文内容先后在“中国民族语言学会第十五次全国学术讨论会”(2022-11-05,北京)、“中国语言学会社会语言学分会第十三届中国社会语言学国际学术研讨会”(2022-12-10,重庆)和“第七届语言服务高级论坛”(2022-12-27,广州)上宣讲。《语言战略研究》编辑部和各路专家提出宝贵修改意见,由衷感谢。