摘要
新乡贤联结传统与现代、乡村与城市,在乡村治理中发挥“中间人”的独特作用。目前专门针对这一群体的语言学研究尚属空白。本文通过参与观察、深度访谈和长期追踪,对四川藏族聚居村落中扎村的新乡贤典型个案JC进行多点民族志研究,以观察日志和访谈录音等一手资料全景式呈现JC在村内外语言世界以及内外语言世界的联结等方面的语言生活。JC的语言生活世界分为4个圈层:藏语内圈、藏语外圈、汉语圈、英语圈,他以言语行为的方式,在村民凝聚、对外交往、语言规划、经济发展、文化传承、民族团结等诸多方面都发挥了重要作用。根据维特根斯坦的语言游戏理论进一步分析:JC广互动、强沟通、软约束的语言策略和技巧,有效化解了乡村治理疲软化的困境,在一定程度上提高了基层政府纵向治理和村民横向自治的能力和效用;语言与信息网络的结合赋予了JC组织协调、社会管理的更多可能性,为其探索创新乡村治理方式提供更丰富选择和更广阔前景;如JC般的藏族民间精英分子的语言生活体现了中华民族共同体意识要在中华民族语言共同体熔炉中铸造。从语言规划角度,提出两点建议:(1)重视加强藏语现代化转型,使其更加适应现代社会生活;(2)发挥新乡贤作用,探索新乡贤推普的可行模式,引导他们讲好中国故事、传播中国声音。
Abstract
The new rural sages link tradition and modernity, rural and urban areas, and play a unique role in rural governance. However, the linguistic research on this group still remains blank. Through long-term participant observation and in-depth interviews, this study offers a multi-sited ethnography of JC, a new rural sage in Zhongzha Village, a Tibetan-inhabited village in Sichuan Province. The language life of JC involved in the language worlds inside and outside the village as well as the connection between these two language worlds is presented in a panoramic way with first-hand materials such as observation logs and interview recordings. JC’s language life is divided into four circles: Tibetan inner circle, Tibetan outer circle, Chinese circle, and English circle. In the form of speech acts, he has played an important role in many aspects such as villagers’ unity, external exchanges, language planning, economic development, cultural inheritance, and national unity. According to Wittgenstein’s theory of language games, further analysis shows that JC’s language strategies and skills have effectively solved the dilemma of weak rural governance and improved the ability and effectiveness of vertical governance of rural governments and horizontal autonomy of villagers to a certain extent. It also shows that the combination of language and information networks gives JC more possibilities for organizational coordination and social management and provides him with richer choices and broader prospects for exploring innovative methods of rural governance. The language life of JC-like Tibetan folk elites suggests that the sense of the community of the Chinese nation should be cultivated through the community of the Chinese national language. From the perspective of language planning, two suggestions are put forward. First, great importance should be attached to the modernization of the Tibetan language to make it more adaptable to modern society. Second, we should give full play to the role of new rural sages, explore feasible modes to promote Putonghua among new rural sages and guide them to tell Chinese stories well and make Chinese voices heard.
关键词
乡村振兴 /
乡村治理 /
新乡贤 /
语言生活 /
语言游戏
Key words
rural revitalization /
rural governance /
new rural sages /
language life /
language games
赵春燕.
新乡贤语言生活与乡村治理:中扎村的个案[J]. 语言战略研究. 2023, 8(5): 45-55 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230504
Zhao Chunyan.
Language Use and Rural Governance of New Rural Sages: A Case Study of Zhongzha Village[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2023, 8(5): 45-55 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230504
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基金
国家语委重大项目“语言文字事业服务乡村振兴战略的路径与举措研究”(ZDA145–4)。