摘要
近代以来,中国传统人文学术大都经历了现代转型发展,文字学从传统“小学”向现代学科的转型就是一个典型案例。从“小学”中逐步分立、以汉字形体研究为中心的体系的构建,古代汉字学、近代汉字学和现代汉字学等分支学科的形成,以及体现基本理论的名词术语系统的创立,是文字学转型发展的关键环节,展现了文字学转型发展的历史进程,代表了文字学学科建设的持续进步。总结文字学现代转型的经验,其历史动因为:(1)西方语言学的引进以及不同民族语言文字的比较互鉴拓宽了研究者的理论视野,(2)历代文字的考古发现深化了对汉字的认识,(3)文字学研究由服务于经典释读逐步拓展到汉字本体的全方位研究,(4)人文社会科学和自然科学的发展提供了可资借鉴的新研究方法;其局限为:(1)对如何处理好传统学术的继承、创新和发展还存在认识偏差,(2)接受西方现代语言学影响时有些研究脱离了汉字实际,(3)对汉字发展史和基础理论研究不够深入系统,(4)各分支学科发展不够平衡。新时代的文字学研究,要不断增强现代学科意识,努力突破转型时期难以避免的历史局限,进一步提升学科建设和学术研究水平,在构建中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系中确立现代文字学的学科地位和学术价值。
Abstract
In the contemporary humanistic disciplinary framework of China, graphology stands out as one of the disciplines with the longest historical lineage and successful realization of modern transformation. The transition of graphology from traditional “xiaoxue” (small studies) to a modern discipline serves as a typical example. This evolution is characterized by the gradual separation from “xiaoxue”, the establishment of a system centered around the study of Chinese character forms, the emergence of sub-disciplines such as classical Chinese character studies, modern Chinese character studies, and the creation of a terminology system reflecting fundamental theories. These milestones constitute crucial junctures in the transformation and development of graphological, illustrating the historical progression of its evolution and representing the continuous advancement of the discipline. Through summarizing the experiences gained from the modern transformation of graphology, this study reveals the historical factors and limitations influencing its transformative development. Such insights are indispensable for advancing the construction of philological disciplines in the new era. Research in contemporary graphology should consistently bolster awareness of modern disciplines, strive to overcome historical limitations inherent in the transitional period, and further enhance the levels of disciplinary construction and academic research. This effort is pivotal for establishing the disciplinary status and academic value of modern graphology within the framework of constructing a distinctive Chinese philosophy and social sciences system, academic system, and discourse system. In the course of the modern transformation and development of graphological, certain conspicuous limitations have also been identified. We posit that there are four key aspects deserving attention in this regard. This paper further outlines the tasks to be undertaken in order to achieve the objectives of philological disciplinary construction.
关键词
文字学 /
体系构建 /
学科分支 /
术语系统 /
学科建设
Key words
graphology /
system construction /
discipline branches /
terminology system /
discipline construction
黄德宽.
论文字学的现代转型与学科发展[J]. 语言战略研究. 2024, 9(2): 5-14 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20240201
Huang Dekuan.
The Modern Transformation and Disciplinary Development of Graphology[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2024, 9(2): 5-14 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20240201
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基金
国家社科基金重大委托专项“新时代中国特色语言学基本理论问题研究”(19VXK06)。本文曾在中国社会科学院语言研究所主办的“语言学传承和创新”国际学术研讨会上报告(2023年11月11~12日,北京)。