摘要
德语Recht一词包含“正义”“公平”“权利”“法律”等多层含义。考察对马克思、恩格斯重要文献中Recht的汉译,辨析Recht与“法”“权利”“法权”等译词的对应关系,可以发现,这些译词都难以完全表达出Recht的含义。之所以如此,是因为语言和意识体现了不同的文化传统和思维方式,而其背后则是不同的历史发展。日耳曼民族在征服罗马的过程中较之欧洲其他国家更多地继受了罗马法,Recht一词含有源于罗马城邦的建立于平等与自由基础上的“正义”和“权利”的观念,而这些语义关联是中国的法传统所缺失的。厘清语言、意识、世界三者的复杂关系,对某些关键词汇翻译困境的考察不失为一个较好的切入点。对于这种关键词相互关联的多层含义的探究,可以揭示语言秩序和观念秩序背后的现实基础和历史发展,而这恰恰是汉语哲学可以着力之处。
Abstract
The German word Recht contains multiple layers of meaning such as “justice”, “fairness”, “rights”, “law”, etc. To examine the Chinese translations of Recht in important works of Marx and Engels into Chinese, and clarify the correspondences between Recht and the translated terms such as “law”, “right” and “legal right”, we can find that it is difficult for these translations to fully express the essence of Recht. This challenge arises due to the divergence in language and consciousness reflected in cultural traditions and ways of thinking, and behind them are differences that are rooted in distinct historical developments. The Germanic peoples inherited Roman law more than other European countries in the process of conquering ancient Rome. The word Recht carries the concept of “justice” and “rights” based on the principles of equality and freedom that originated in the establishment of the Roman city-states and are semantically related to the concept of “justice” and “rights”, which are absent in the Chinese legal tradition. The intricate relationship among language, consciousness, and the world can be explored through the translation of such important keywords. The exploration of the multilayered meanings of these crucial terms can reveal the underlying realities and historical development behind the linguistic and conceptual orders, which precisely constitutes an area where Hanese philosophy can focus its efforts.
关键词
法 /
法律 /
权利 /
法权 /
汉语哲学
Key words
Recht /
law /
rights /
legal rights /
Hanese philosophy
文 兵.
德语Recht的翻译:汉语哲学面对的一个具体困境[J]. 语言战略研究. 2024, 9(2): 17-27 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20240202
Wen Bing.
Translation of the German Word “Recht”: A Specific Predicament Encountered by Hanese Philosophy[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2024, 9(2): 17-27 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20240202
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基金
教育部北京大学外国哲学研究基地重大项目“社会意识的认识奠基和语言表征研究”(22JJD720005)。