摘要
人们所处的气象环境会影响语言中的天气表达,据此可以分析解释语言的类型分布。既往研究建立了一套范式,包含两个核心步骤:按照参数刻画类型模式,继而对类型分布进行跨学科解释。这一研究范式可以深入分析天气表达呈现多种表现的原因:首先,将获取的天气表达语料按照编码方式、及物性、方向性和名词语素使用等4项参数进行标记整理,梳理出其类型系统;随后,借助语言学、气象学、文化学、认知科学等领域的理论、方法和数据以及地理信息系统等工具,对诸多分布模式进行跨学科解释,找出影响天气表达的语言和非语言因素。针对汉藏语的数项研究个案展现了这一范式的具体运用。这一范式拓展了天气表达类型学的研究视野,为探究语言认知机制提供了有效的切入点,并有助于挖掘书面文献中的气象信息。在该框架下,如果能进一步丰富分类参数和解释学科,并拓展研究对象和材料,未来的相关研究能够取得更具价值的成果。
Abstract
The meteorological environment shapes weather expressions in human languages and thus provides explanatory values for linguistic typology. Past decades have witnessed much research on the effects of the meteorological environment on the phonetic/phonological and lexical aspects of weather expressions. However, not much research has been conducted on the grammatical aspect. This study proposes an interdisciplinary paradigm for research on weather expressions with more foci on their grammatical diversity. Under this paradigm, the diversity of weather expressions can be accounted for in two major steps: parameterized classification and interdisciplinary explanation. First, the collected data of weather expressions are classified and labelled with parameters including encoding type, transitivity, directionality, and nominal morpheme usage, to obtain a system of typological patterns. Next, such patterns are analysed with the theories, methods, and data from linguistics, meteorology, cultural studies, and cognitive sciences, and with tools such as geographic information systems, so that the underlying intra- and extra-linguistic influencing factors can be discovered. Several case studies of Sino-Tibetan languages demonstrate how the paradigm can be employed. This promising framework has extended the typological studies on weather expressions and identified linguistic clues to cognitive mechanisms and text information mining, and shall yield more valuable findings with an enriched explanatory toolbox and expanded data.
关键词
天气表达 /
气象环境 /
跨学科 /
语言类型学 /
汉藏语
Key words
weather expression /
meteorological environment /
interdisciplinarity /
linguistic typology /
Sino-Tibetan languages
董思聪.
天气表达的跨学科研究范式[J]. 语言战略研究. 2024, 9(2): 89-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20240208
Dong Sicong.
Towards an Interdisciplinary Paradigm for Research on Weather Expressions[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2024, 9(2): 89-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20240208
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基金
国家社科基金项目(23CYY017),教育部中外语言交流合作中心国际中文教育研究课题一般项目(22YH35C)。