摘要
汉字的“古异今混”指古代形音义不同的汉字或构字部件,发展演变到现行汉字,成为形体相同的汉字或构字部件。考察对比《汉字字形对比字典》(香港中华书局出版)中海峡两岸暨香港三地的汉字字形,整理出“古异今混”部件12组:舌—、臼—𦥑、林—、夊—夂—攵、艹—卝、丰—丯—豐、匚—匸、壬—、冃—曰、另—叧—、月—⺼、曰—日,涉及400多字。逐一分析可知,对“古异今混”部件,大陆依据历史传承和现实基础,大都合而为一;台湾则刻意区分,以维护字形的古今沿袭;香港大致与台湾一致,但把有历史传承和现实基础的合并部件作为可接纳字形,留有一定的弹性空间。三地“古异今混”部件的分合不一致形成的字形差异,虽然对阅读造成的障碍不大,但给基础教育阶段的汉字教学乃至世界各地的汉字教学,尤其是汉字信息处理带来不少问题。希望三地在微观字形问题上相向而行,最终实现真正的“书同文”。
Abstract
The “Archaic-differentiation and Modern-merging” of Chinese characters refers to those Chinese characters or components that were different in shapes, sounds and meanings in ancient time but have evolved into current Chinese characters or components with unified written forms, sounds and meanings. By examining and comparing the written forms of these Chinese characters and components that are in current use in Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong based on the Comparative Dictionary of Chinese Character Forms (published by Zhonghua Book Company in Hong Kong), this study has identified 12 groups of characters or components involving over 400 characters: 舌—、臼—𦥑、林—、夊—夂—攵、艹—卝、丰—丯—豐、匚—匸、壬—、冃—曰、另—叧—、月—⺼、曰—日。Having analyzed these characters one by one, it reveals that for these “Archaic-differentiation and Modern-merging” characters and components, Mainland China generally integrates them into one form based on historical inheritance and contemporary practical considerations; Taiwan, however, deliberately distinguishes them to maintain the continuity of ancient forms; Hong Kong is largely consistent with Taiwan but leaves room for flexibility by accepting integrated forms with historical inheritance and contemporary practical foundations as acceptable written variants. The inconsistencies in differentiation and integration of these characters and components across the three regions, although do not pose major obstacles to reading comprehension, they do create problems for basic education and teaching of Chinese characters worldwide, especially for Chinese character information processing. It is hoped that the three regions can work towards convergence on these micro-level issues of written forms, ultimately achieving true “unity in written language”.
关键词
汉字 /
古异今混 /
字形 /
部件
Key words
Chinese characters /
Archaic-differentiation and Modern-merging /
written forms /
components
张素格,陈双新.
海峡两岸暨香港“古异今混”部件的分合现状研究[J]. 语言战略研究. 2024, 9(4): 66-81 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20240406
Zhang Suge and Chen Shuangxin.
A Study on the Current Situation of “Archaic-differentiation and Modern-merging” in Chinese Characters across Taiwan Straits and Hong Kong[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2024, 9(4): 66-81 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20240406
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基金
教育部语合中心项目(YHJC21YB?029),北京市社科基金项目(18JDYYB002)。