摘要
语言问题在民俗学领域占有特殊而重要的位置,这不仅源于民俗“口传身授”的本质特征,更因口头语言既是民间文学的载体,也是文化传承的核心媒介。作为20世纪中国民俗学的奠基者和引领者,钟敬文特别重视民俗学关涉的语言现象,从民俗学者视角对语言的本质、功能及其与民俗的关系做出过丰富阐述,内容涵盖语言的基本概念和双重属性,语言民俗研究的学术价值、历史脉络、理论视角、研究方法等。他强调语言研究不能脱离使用主体、社会活动和文化因素,明确指出“民间语言是一种民俗现象”,尤其重视口头语言的价值。他明确倡导建立“语言民俗学”作为民俗学的重要分支,并就其学科名称、学科地位、研究视角、研究方法等都提出过清晰构想。其思想为后续研究奠定了理论基础与方法启示,在推动语言民俗学从零散观察走向系统学科的过程中发挥了关键性的开创与引领作用。
Abstract
Language issues occupy a special and significant position in the field of folklore studies, not only because folklore has the inherent characteristic of “oral transmission and practical teaching”, but also because oral language serves as the carrier of folk literature and the core medium of cultural heritage. As the founder and leader of 20th-century Chinese folklore studies, Zhong Jingwen places particular emphasis on linguistic phenomena related to folklore. From the perspective of a folklorist, he elaborates on the nature and functions of language, and the relationship between language and folklore. His works cover fundamental concepts and dual attributes of language, as well as the academic value, historical development, theoretical perspectives, and research methods of linguistic folklore studies. He stresses that language research cannot be separated from its users, social activities, and cultural factors, explicitly stating that “folk language is a folkloric phenomenon” and placing special emphasis on the value of oral language. He strongly advocates the establishment of “linguistic folklore” as a vital branch of folklore studies, proposing clear conceptualizations regarding its name, disciplinary status, research perspectives, and methodologies. His ideas have laid the theoretical foundation and provided methodological insights for subsequent research, thus playing a pivotal pioneering and guiding role in advancing linguistic folklore from fragmented observations to a systematic discipline.
关键词
钟敬文 /
语言观 /
语言民俗学 /
口头语言
Key words
Zhong Jingwen /
linguistic thoughts /
linguistic folklore /
oral language
黄 涛.
钟敬文语言观及其对语言民俗学建设的引领[J]. 语言战略研究. 2026, 11(2): 53-63 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260204
Huang Tao.
Zhong Jingwen’s Language Perspective and Its Guidance for the Development of Linguistic Folklore[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(2): 53-63 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260204
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