北京大学歌谣运动与歌谣学派的方言研究

李国太

语言战略研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (2) : 64-75.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (2) : 64-75. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260205
专题研究

北京大学歌谣运动与歌谣学派的方言研究

  • 李国太
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Peking University’s Folk Song Collection Campaign and Modern Chinese Dialect Studies

  • Li Guotai
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摘要

中国现代方言研究肇始于北京大学于1918年发起的全国歌谣征集活动。考察《歌谣》周刊刊载的讨论方言问题的文章可知,研究从为征集歌谣审定方言语音、词汇,逐步发展到为方言制定表音符号;从专注于字音、字义考订,进一步倡导实地田野调查。沈兼士、魏建功、周作人、董作宾、钱玄同、容肇祖、林语堂等学者的努力,使方言从歌谣整理中的附属问题,转变为独立的研究对象,推动了方言调查会的成立,最终确立了方言研究的独立学科地位。歌谣运动期间,学界在方言定义、调查方法、记录工具、研究内容等方面的论述,多已成为当今学术界的共识。歌谣运动中的方言讨论,还催生了方言的“外部研究”,成为中国民族语言学、文化语言学等学科的重要源头。

Abstract

Modern Chinese dialect studies originated from the nationwide Folk Song Collection Campaign launched by Peking University in 1918. An examination of articles on dialect issues published in the Folk Song Weekly reveals that these studies have evolved from verifying dialectal pronunciations and vocabulary for collected folk songs to developing phonetic symbols for dialects, as well as from focusing on the textual research of sounds and meanings to advocating field investigations. Through the efforts of scholars such as Shen Jianshi, Wei Jiangong, Zhou Zuoren, Dong Zuobin, Qian Xuantong, Rong Zhaozu, and Lin Yutang, dialects have evolved from a subsidiary issue in folk song collation into an independent research topic. This has promoted the establishment of the Dialect Investigation Society and eventually secured an independent status for dialect studies. Discourses during the campaign on the definition of dialects, survey methods, recording tools, and research content have largely become consensus in modern academia. The discussions on dialects during the campaign have also promoted the “external study” of dialects, thus laying the foundation for disciplines such as Chinese ethnolinguistics and cultural linguistics.

关键词

歌谣 / 歌谣运动 / 《歌谣》周刊 / 方言

Key words

folk song / Folk Song Collection Campaign / Folk Song Weekly / dialect

引用本文

导出引用
李国太. 北京大学歌谣运动与歌谣学派的方言研究[J]. 语言战略研究. 2026, 11(2): 64-75 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260205
Li Guotai. Peking University’s Folk Song Collection Campaign and Modern Chinese Dialect Studies[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(2): 64-75 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260205
中图分类号: H002   

基金

国家社会科学基金项目“《川陕苏区文艺史料全编》编纂与研究”(24XZWO16)。

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