摘要
国际中文教育正在进入母语生、祖语生和外语生“三生”并存的多样化时代,据调查推算,华裔的母语生和祖语生约占70%,非华裔的外语生中成人和低龄学生约各占15%。既往国际中文教育研究偏重成人外语生,难以覆盖全球中文教育,亟须调适路向,适应新格局。目前对母语生的研究相当之少,亟待全面开展;对祖语生的研究稍多,但主要集中在祖语传承研究上,对祖语学习的研究还非常缺乏;过往对外语生的研究很少关注低龄生,难以匹配其数量增长的趋势;对专业技术学习需求的研究也还不够。未来研究路向主要应向七大方面调适:“三生”学习需求研究、学习规律研究、学习内容研究、学习互动研究,以及为此提供支撑的语言测评研究、教师培养研究、“三人共生”与“三生”的耦合研究。需要从实际出发,根据中文多样化的现实,重新定义国际中文教育。为支撑研究路向的调适,应推动全球中文生数据库建设,支持精细化研究。
Abstract
International Chinese Language Education (ICLE) is entering an era of diversity featuring the coexistence of three groups of learners, i.e., native speakers, heritage language speakers, and foreign language learners. According to surveys and estimates, Chinese-origin native and heritage language speakers account for approximately 70% of all learners, while non-Chinese-origin foreign language learners are split roughly equally between adults and young learners at around 15% for each. Previous research on ICLE has focused heavily on adult foreign language learners and failed to fully reflect its global landscape. There is an urgent need to adjust research directions to adapt to this new situation. Currently, research on native speakers remains extremely scarce and is in urgent need of comprehensive development. Studies on heritage language speakers are relatively more numerous, yet they focus primarily on heritage language maintenance, to the neglect of heritage language acquisition. In the past, research on foreign language learners has paid little attention to the growing number of young learners. Meanwhile, research on the needs for Chinese in professional and technical learning is also inadequate. Future research directions should be adjusted to focus on seven major areas: studies on the learning needs of the “three groups of learners”, studies on learning patterns, research on learning content, investigations into learning interaction, as well as the supporting research in language assessment, teacher development, and the coupling between the “symbiosis of three types of people” and the “three groups of learners”. It is necessary to proceed from reality and redefine ICLE in light of the diverse landscape of Chinese language learning. To support the adjustment of research directions, efforts should be made to promote the development of a global database of Chinese language learners for in-depth and refined research.
关键词
国际中文教育 /
中文生 /
祖语生 /
母语生 /
外语生
Key words
International Chinese Language Education (ICLE) /
Chinese language learners /
heritage language learners /
native speakers /
foreign language learners
郭 熙, 韦九报.
论中文生群体多样化背景下的研究路向调适[J]. 语言战略研究. 2026, 11(3): 53-62 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260304
Guo Xi and Wei Jiubao.
A Study of the Adjustment of Research Directions in the Era of Diversification of Chinese Learners[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(3): 53-62 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260304
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基金
“境外华语资源数据库建设及应用研究”(19ZDA311),国家社科基金一般项目“日本华裔新生代华语传承与民族共同体意识培养研究”(23BYY32),教育部重大项目“南洋华语语法描写与区域比较研究”(22JJD740025)。此文主要观点2025年12月29日曾在东北师范大学召开的“国际教育体系视阈下的国际中文教育高质量发展学术研讨会”大会上报告。