汉语词典单字条与多字条语义关联处理的原则及方法

程 荣

语言战略研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3) : 88-96.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3) : 88-96. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260307
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汉语词典单字条与多字条语义关联处理的原则及方法

  • 程 荣
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Principles and Methods for Semantic Association Processing Between Single Character Entries and Multi Character Entries in Chinese Dictionaries#br#

  • Cheng Rong
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摘要

汉语词典单字条意义归纳对多字条所涉语素义全涵盖,具有必要性、可行性、动态性与复杂性。该机制是构建辞书知识网络、帮助读者理解常用词构词理据的关键。《现代汉语词典》数十年的编修经验证明,通过增补义项或改进释义,可有效实现这一目标。辞书每次增补多字词条时,都必须考量单字条义项的涵盖情况。但鉴于语义关系复杂难辨,当暂未弄清时可暂不关涉;反之,则有必要归纳关联。在具体方法上,可采取定义式概括共有语义、定义式和相关多字词联合释义、同义多字词释义、两个相关多字词联合释义、用组构语素共义的多字词做配例关联等5种模式。为进一步提升质量,品牌辞书还需补充或微调在多字条增补而单字条义项缺位的新词语,同时续增完善已通行的新词新义,并使多字条主词形用字与单字条规范字头保持协调。为提升编修效率与科学性,亟须优化计算机辞书编修数据库平台。品牌辞书应创新编修范式,加快优质内容再提升步伐,更好地满足社会需求。

Abstract

In Chinese dictionaries, it is necessary, feasible, dynamic, and complex to generalize the meanings found in single character entries so that they fully cover the morphemic meanings involved in multi character entries. This mechanism is essential for constructing a lexicographical knowledge network and helping readers understand the motivations behind word formation in commonly used words. Decades of compilation and revision experience with the Modern Chinese Dictionary has shown that this goal can be effectively achieved by adding new sense items or refining definitions. Whenever a dictionary adds multi character entries, it must take into account whether the single character entries adequately cover the corresponding senses. Given the complexity and ambiguity of semantic relations, certain associations may be temporarily omitted if unclear; otherwise, it is necessary to summarize and establish such connections. There are five main methods to achieve this: defining and summarizing shared semantic components; providing definitions combined with related multi character words; explaining meanings using synonymous multi character words; co-interpreting with two related multi character words; and illustrating associations with examples of multi character words formed from shared morphemic meanings. To further improve quality, authoritative dictionaries need to supplement or fine tune new words whose senses exist in multi character entries but are absent in single character entries, continue to add and enhance well-accepted new words and meanings, and maintain consistency between the characters in the main word forms of multi character entries and the standardized head characters of single character entries. To enhance the efficiency and scientific rigor of compilation and revision, it is urgent to optimize computer aided lexicographical database platforms. Authoritative dictionaries should innovate their compilation and revision paradigms, accelerate the improvement of high quality content, and better meet social needs.

关键词

品牌辞书 / 单字条 / 多字条 / 语义关联

Key words

authoritative dictionaries / single character entries / multi character entries / semantic association

引用本文

导出引用
程 荣. 汉语词典单字条与多字条语义关联处理的原则及方法[J]. 语言战略研究. 2026, 11(3): 88-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260307
Cheng Rong. Principles and Methods for Semantic Association Processing Between Single Character Entries and Multi Character Entries in Chinese Dictionaries#br#[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2026, 11(3): 88-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20260307
中图分类号: H002   

基金

感谢匿名审稿专家提出修改意见。本文的部分内容曾以《品牌辞书的再提升问题》为题在中国辞书学会第十四届会员代表大会暨学术研讨会(2023年11月)上交流。

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