“神经多样性”理念主张人类的神经发育具有多样性，虽然有些神经类型比另一些神经类型在人群中的分布更为广泛，但并不存在所谓的“正确”类型。这一理念促使研究者重新反思传统医学范式下以神经典型群体特征为对比基线的孤独症儿童的语言与认知行为研究。通过了解孤独症群体自身语言发展的规律和特质，发现他们的优势和强项，打造包容的社交沟通环境，帮助孤独症个体提升使用语言进行有效沟通的能力，从而最终提升他们的自主性、能动性和幸福感，是该理念指导下孤独症儿童语言研究的核心任务。在研究理念上，要建立一个孤独症语言研究的自足体系，不再以神经典型群体的特征为对比基线。在研究范式上，要充分考虑孤独症个体的特质，融入第一手的“孤独症经历”。在研究内容上，要以语用能力的研究为重点，通过研究孤独症儿童语言使用的特点以及他们的交流方式，促进孤独症个体与神经典型个体之间的“双向共情”，从而实现有效沟通。

The neurodiversity framework offers a transformative alternative to the traditional medical models in autism research. The concept of neurodiversity posits that human neurodevelopment is inherently heterogeneous. Although certain neurotypes are more prevalent within the population than others, there is no singular “correct” or normative type. This article begins by introducing the concept of neurodiversity and critically examines existing language and cognitive-behavioural studies on autistic children within traditional medical frameworks. It argues that, from the neurodiversity perspective, the core objective of language research on autistic children is to investigate their natural trajectories of language development so as to identify their strengths and communicative resources, to foster inclusive communicative environments, and to support them in using language for effective communication, and ultimately to enhance their autonomy, agency, and well-being. To achieve this goal, this article proposes a three-level shift in research approaches. First, at the philosophical level, it advocates the construction of an autonomous framework for language research on autism that does not rely on neurotypical traits as a comparative baseline. Second, at the methodological level, it emphasizes the incorporation of first-hand accounts of autistic experiences and taking autistic traits seriously as part of the research design. Finally, in terms of research content, it argues for a focus on pragmatic competence, particularly on how autistic children use language in social interaction, with the goal of empowering them as confident and effective communicators.