从现代汉语规范化角度把脉新兴流行詈语

沈 阳

语言战略研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (3) : 70-75.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (3) : 70-75.
语言战略研究

从现代汉语规范化角度把脉新兴流行詈语

  • 沈 阳
作者信息 +

Evaluation on Newly Emerging Foul and Abusive Language in Chinese from the Perspective of Language Standardization

  • Shen Yang
Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

作为流行语的新兴詈语,最主要特点就是“非詈”:要么让詈语在形式上变得“非詈(非詈化詈语)”,要么让詈语在功能上变得“非詈(非詈性詈语)”。本文通过具体语料分析了这两种现象。由于人们表达情绪的需要,作为语言发泄的途径,詈语无非是一种“最终选择”。从语言规范化的角度看,詈语当然肯定是“有害”的,无疑应该采取必要措施加以制止和疏导,不能使其无节制泛滥;但从语言的功能和使用看,也必须承认一部分詈语是“有用”的,至少在表达上的某种作用有时无可取代。因此詈语既不可能自行消亡,也不应一棍子全部打死。

Abstract

Foul and abusive language (Liyu) in sociolinguistics refers to taboo (“bad language”) that is associated with swearing or crude expressions such as obscenity, profanity, blasphemy or other cursing utterances that strongly offend the prevalent morality in society of the time. This study attempts to evaluate the semantic and pragmatic functions of Chinese Liyu in contemporary soceity. Being rife and ubiquitous in both society and cyberspace, nowadays Liyu is increasingly popular among the teenagers. As a fashionable trend, the distinct feature of Liyu is “neutralization”. Namely, it has to be neutralized either in form or in function when it is actually used. Based on abundance of exemplar expressions obtained from various textual sources, predominantly from the print press and the Internet, this article conducts an in-depth examination of the actual use of Liyu in contemporary Chinese language. Our findings show that, as a means used to indicate a strong emotional expression and moral repugnance, Liyu serves as an ultimate linguistic device for “extreme option”. From the perspective of language standardization, Liyu is defi nitely harmful to language management. In order to prevent it from polluting language, measures should be adopted to ban its unstrained circulation or to provide guidance on its use. On the other hand, we should realize that Liyu is “useful”; its expressive power is unsubstitutional. Therefore, Liyu will not automatically disappear; it would not be eliminated without prudence.

关键词

詈语 / 非詈詈语(形式非詈) / 詈语非詈(功能非詈) / 现代汉语规范化

Key words

abusive language / neutralization (in form) / neutralization (in function) / standardization of contemporary Chinese

引用本文

导出引用
沈 阳. 从现代汉语规范化角度把脉新兴流行詈语[J]. 语言战略研究. 2016, 1(3): 70-75
Shen Yang. Evaluation on Newly Emerging Foul and Abusive Language in Chinese from the Perspective of Language Standardization[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2016, 1(3): 70-75

参考文献

博纳德·斯波斯基 2011 《语言政策——社会语言学中的重要论题》,张治国译,北京:商务印书馆。
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王明珏 2012 《中文网络语言中脏话的使用情况研究》,上海外国语大学硕士学位论文。
魏 晨 2015 《主要媒体中的新兴詈语》,南京大学硕士学位论文。
张谊生 2010 《试论骂詈语的词汇化、标记化与构式化——兼论演化中的骂詈语在当代汉语中的表达功用》,《当代修辞学》第4 期。

基金

本项研究受到国家社科基金重大招标项目“新时期现代汉语规范化问题研究”(项目编号:12&ZD173)、国家语委重点项目“两岸(含港澳台)语言文字现状及对大陆语言规范的影响”(项目编号:ZDI125-20)的支持;本文部分内容参考了南京大学硕士研究生魏晨、杨远会的研究成果。

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