南亚邻国不丹的语言生态及语言政策研究

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摘要

本文依据豪根（Haugen）的语言生态以及库帕（Cooper）的语言规划理论综述了我南亚邻国不丹的语言生态，并从地位规划、本体规划和习得规划三方面梳理了不丹的语言政策，分析了不丹语言政策的特点。不丹其语言生态丰富多彩。不丹语言政策在重视国语和官方语言的基础上鼓励多语发展，并把语言管理与国民幸福指数联系起来。本文最后提出要加强我国与周边国家跨境语言的研究、交流与合作。

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	张治国

关键词 ：不丹, 语言生态, 语言政策, 宗卡语, 英语

Abstract：

In this study, drawing upon language ecology theory proposed by Haugen (1972), I first review the language profi le in Bhutan from Cooper’s (1989) perspective of status planning, corpus planning and acquisition planning, and continue with an analysis of the features of Bhutan’s language situation and the developing course of its policy formation. There are nineteen indigenous languages being used in Bhutan, one being Dzongkha which is used as both the national language and offi cial language alongside with English. In summarizing its official commitments in language maintenance, I argue that the trajectory of Bhutan’s language policy implementation is characterized by pluralism with overarching national and official languages. The unique aspect of Bhutan’s LPP is the integration of language management with Gross National Happiness. Finally, the study concludes by revealing two implications for the language planning practice in China.

Key words： Bhutan language ecology language policy Dzongkha English

基金资助:

本文为国家社科基金项目（项目编号：14BYY045）及上海市教委科研创新项目（项目编号：15ZS047）的阶段性成果。感谢南开大学文学院意西微萨·阿错教授及匿名审稿人提出的有关藏文及宗卡语等方面的宝贵意见。

作者简介: 张治国，男，上海海事大学外国语学院教授，主要研究方向为社会语言学（尤其是语言政策和语言规划）。

引用本文:

张治国. 南亚邻国不丹的语言生态及语言政策研究[J]. 语言战略研究, 2016, 1(3): 76-82.
Zhang Zhiguo. A Study of Language Ecology and Language Policy in Bhutan. , 2016, 1(3): 76-82.

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