2025年8月8日 星期五
语言战略研究
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认知障碍老年人语用补偿研究
黄立鹤1,杨晶晶1,刘卓娅1,2
1.同济大学 老龄语言与看护研究中心 上海;
2.伦敦大学学院 心理学与语言科学系 英国 伦敦
Pragmatic Compensation for the Elders with Cognitive Impairment: A Speech Act Perspective
Huang Lihe, Yang Jingjing and Liu Zhuoya

输出:BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
文章导读 随着全球人口老龄化程度不断加深,老年人认知健康愈加受到重视。我国认知障碍患病人数总量大,60岁以上老年人的各类认知障碍患病率为6%,其中阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者约983万(Jia et al. 2020)。国际上已加紧开展了各类痴呆症老年人语言障碍问题的研究。
摘要 老年个体的认知障碍与其在语用交际时的表现特征密切相关。言语行为是评估语用能力、判定语用障碍的重要范畴与核心指标。我们以言语行为为基本单位,构建了认知障碍老年人语用障碍的多模态分析框架,将个体的“言、思、情、貌”及语境因素纳入统一考察范畴。通过个案分析及对比研究发现,阿尔茨海默病老年人因认知功能受损,其言语行为会在依存性、核心内容、情感状态等维度出现问题;在实施言语行为时存在人际层面的话语补偿以及个体内部的多模态资源补偿等现象。
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关键词 认知障碍阿尔茨海默病言语行为多模态语用补偿    
Abstract:With the emergence of many aging societies around the world, the past decades have witnessed an increasing attention to gerontolinguistics. This study focuses on pragmatic compensation for the elders with cognitive impairment. Much research has shown that an individual’s cognitive impairment is reflected in speech act performance in one’s pragmatic communication. In this sense, the speech act can serve as an essential indicator for evaluating one’s pragmatic competence and judging one’s pragmatic disorders. Taking speech act as the basic unit and integrating both interlocutors’ and contextual factors, this study establishes a multimodal analytical framework of the relationship between cognitive health and speech acts of the elders. Through a case analysis, this study finds that pragmatic disorders for the elders with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are manifested in the following aspects when performing speech acts: interdependence, essential content, emotional state, etc. More repetition, inconsistency, and hand movements indicate a damage to the language system of this group. Therefore, both interpersonal and intrapersonal compensatory adaptation operates in the interaction of the elders with AD. With China’s rapid expansion of aging population, it is hoped that this study can draw more scholars’ attention to gerontolinguistics and more efforts can be devoted to the study and care of the elderly people in China.
Key wordscognitive impairment    Alzheimer’s disease (AD)    speech act    multimodal    pragmatic compensation
    
基金资助:2019年国家社科基金青年项目“基于多模态语料库的阿尔茨海默症老年人语用能力蚀失研究”(19CYY018),2020年国家语委十三五科研规划后期资助项目(HQ135-40)。
作者简介: 黄立鹤,男,同济大学副教授,主要研究方向为老年语言学、多模态语用学。杨晶晶,女,同济大学博士研究生,主要研究方向为老年语言学。
引用本文:   
黄立鹤,杨晶晶,刘卓娅. 认知障碍老年人语用补偿研究[J]. 语言战略研究, 2021, 6(6): 33-44.
Huang Lihe, Yang Jingjing and Liu Zhuoya. Pragmatic Compensation for the Elders with Cognitive Impairment: A Speech Act Perspective. , 2021, 6(6): 33-44.
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