方言分区的历史与方法平议
On the History of Chinese Dialect Partition & Its Methods
本文从7个方面来讨论汉语方言的分区问题。第一部分区别方言分区和分区讨论,界定一些常见术语。第二部分指出,汉语是一种非常复杂、很难分区的语言。第三部分介绍民国时期的方言分区。第四部分介绍20世纪50—60年代的分区。第五部分介绍1987版《中国语言地图集》的分区。第六部分比较湖南方言的6种分区,指出,湖南方言的6 种分区使用了不同的语言材料,分区方法也各不相同,但分区结果却大同小异,这说明,目前使用的各种分区方法都具备一定的有效性。第七部分“余论”简要讨论数学统计、单一分区标准、斯瓦迪什207词表等在方言分区中的作用。
The paper discusses the issues of Chinese dialect partition from seven aspects. Section One presents some common terminologies regarding Chinese dialect partition and its debate. Section Two then identifies the complexity and challenges of Chinese in dialect partition. Section Three summarizes the work of Chinese dialect partition between 1912 and 1949 during the period of the Republican China, whereas Section Four presents the partition work in 1950s and Section Five the partition work in the 1987 version of Chinese Language Atlas. In Section Six, a comparison of six means of dialect partition in Hunan province is made. It indicates that the six methods have encompassed all the methods being used today and that the results are quite similar though the sources of data collection are different. It is thus concluded that the different methods all bear a large degree of validity. In the last section, the author further presents the views regarding the use of mathematical statistics, of uniform standard of partition, and of Swadesh 207 method of classification for Chinese dialect partition.
汉语方言 / 方言分区 / 分区方法 / 分区原则 / 分区标准
Chinese dialects / dialect partition / partition methods / partition principles / partition criteria
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