语言与贫困的理论和实践
Language and Poverty: Theory and Practice
贫困是一个涉及因素众多、维度多样、层次多重的复杂现象,语言与贫困的理论研究和实践探索也必然是一个动态的复杂适应系统。贫困对于儿童语言的发展和成人语言的使用都有影响,影响前者的因素有社会环境的也有神经机制的,对于后者的影响则可以从社会网络和稀缺两个视角加以解读。从历时和共时两个视角来看,语言能力对于经济社会状况的影响都是至关重要的。语言因素对于经济社会状况的改善来说是一个概率性条件。语言扶贫实践在中国反贫困事业中的作用与日俱增,语言精准扶贫的内涵也越来越清晰,稀缺理论则为语言扶贫提供了诸多启示。中国的扶贫实践为语言与贫困相关论题的研究提供了难得的机遇,也有理由期待中国的理论与实践将会为国际社会提供一些经验。
Poverty is a complex phenomenon involving many factors, and it manifests in multiple dimensions and multiple levels. Theoretical exploration of language and poverty should also be a dynamic and complex adaptive system. Poverty has an impact on the development of both children’s language and the use of adult language. The factors aff ecting the former include social environments as well as neural mechanism, while the latter can be examined from the perspective of social networks and scarcity. From both diachronic and synchronic perspectives, the infl uence of language ability on economic and social conditions is crucial. Language is believed to be a probabilistic condition for the improvement of economic and social conditions. The role of language in poverty alleviation practice in China’s anti-poverty cause has become increasingly important, and the meaning of targeted poverty alleviation via language planning has been becoming ever clearer. This study shows that the scarcity theory can provide inspirations for poverty alleviation via language planning. China’s experience from poverty alleviation practice off ers a rare opportunity for the study on topics related to language and poverty, and it is reasonable to expect that China’s theory and practice will have wider implications for the international community.
language ability / poverty / language poverty alleviation / scarcity
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