广州客家家庭方言代际传承研究

邹春燕

语言战略研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (2) : 23-30.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (2) : 23-30. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20190202
语言战略研究

广州客家家庭方言代际传承研究

  • 邹春燕
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Intergenerational Transmission of Hakka Dialect in Guangdong Hakka Families

  • Zou Chunyan
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摘要

本文基于家庭语言规划的理论,从代际语言传承与变迁的角度,观察广州3个客家家庭语言的使用情况,分析客家方言在祖辈、父辈和孙辈之间发生的传承和变迁,以及影响这些语言实践的因素。作者通过半结构式的深度访谈、家庭拜访与观察、家庭对话录音和视频等方式收集数据,利用NLPIR软件对访谈内容进行语义分析,探索客家家庭语言实践背后的因素。研究发现:普通话和客家方言并用是这3个家庭共同的特点;客家方言的主要传承依靠祖辈,祖辈是否坚持和孙辈讲方言决定了客家方言在家庭里传承的力度。此外,影响客家方言传承的因素颇多,其中包括祖辈、父辈对方言价值认识不足,对客家人的身份认同主要基于血缘而非语言,还有跨民系的婚姻,父母对孩子的国际化期盼,等等。客家方言正面临着一场博弈:一方面,它在家庭中的语言交流功能退缩,影响到它的传承;另一方面,祖辈们仍然坚持与孙辈用客家方言进行交流,并通过带孙辈“回老家生活一段时间”,来强化方言的使用,让方言的传承得以延续。

Abstract

Using family language policy as the theoretical framework, this paper studies the language use (Putonghua, Hakka, and other dialects) among three Hakka families in Guangdong. From the perspective of inter-generational language transmission and maintenance, this paper analyzes the language use among grand-parent generation, parent generation and children generation in the domestic context and explores the factors affecting these language practices. The data collection methods include semi-structure in-depth interviews, family visits and observations, as well as audio and video recording of family dialogues. Through semantic analysis of interview transcript by using NLPIR, the findings show that combination of two language variants (Putonghua and Hakka) is the common feature of daily communication for these three families, and Hakka dialect acquisition of children varies from one family to another. The grand-parent generation provides a major Hakka dialect input and plays a significant role in determining the transmission of Hakka dialect in the family. Because of the declining communicative function of Hakka dialect in the family, language shift inevitably happens. However, with the grand-parent generation adherence to speaking Hakka with children, and bringing children “return to hometown” where Hakka dialect could be used beyond the family scope, Hakka dialect can still possibly be maintained.

关键词

客家方言 / 代际传承 / 家庭语言规划

Key words

Hakka dialect / Intergenerational transmission / family language policy

引用本文

导出引用
邹春燕. 广州客家家庭方言代际传承研究[J]. 语言战略研究. 2019, 4(2): 23-30 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20190202
Zou Chunyan. Intergenerational Transmission of Hakka Dialect in Guangdong Hakka Families[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2019, 4(2): 23-30 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20190202

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