阿尔茨海默病言语障碍表现及相关神经心理学量表编制问题

黄立鹤,王 晶,李云霞

语言战略研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (5) : 34-45.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (5) : 34-45. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20190502
语言战略研究

阿尔茨海默病言语障碍表现及相关神经心理学量表编制问题

  • 黄立鹤,王 晶,李云霞
作者信息 +

Alzheimer’s Disease: Speech Impairment and Neuropsychological Rating Scale Assessment

  • Huang Lihe, Wang Jing and Li Yunxia
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摘要

已有研究发现阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者在语音、句法、语义及语用、语篇组合方面都有损害。言语障碍特征的提取在认知评估及临床诊断中占有一席之地。本文基于各神经心理学量表的特异性和敏感性,对筛查量表(MMSE、MoCA-B、DRS)、总体认知功能评定量表(ADAS-cog、SIB、CDR)及语言专项量表(BNT、VFT、ABC、WAB)中的语言能力检测条目进行分析,发现目前相关量表更多关注语义和命名(记忆力)维度,较少涉及语音、句法和语用层面;量表测试多为诱导数据,对自然语言缺乏关注,无法在疾病防治的预判一环中发挥言语特征的外显优势。未来开展相关量表研发时,应基于大型队列随访的多模态数据,采集历时自然话语语料,基于言语障碍特征改善AD的早期研判。

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a commonly seen dementia symptom among elderly people. Previous studies have shown that patients with AD have speech impairments at all linguistic levels such as phonology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics and discourse. The speech impairment features are essential for the cognitive assessment and clinical diagnosis for AD patients. This paper looks into the assessment of language-related items, and examines the specific dimensions and sensitivity of various neuropsychological rating scales, including the screening scales (MMSE, MoCA-B, DRS), the overall cognitive function rating scales (ADAS-cog, SIB, CDR) and language proficiency special scales (BNT, VFT, ABC, WAB). Current Alzheimer’s disease-related scales focus mainly on the semantic and naming (memory) dimensions, while less attention is paid to the phonological, syntactic and pragmatic levels. Most of the tests use induction data, failing to attend to the spontaneous or connected speech and the value of speech features in the pre-screening in disease prevention and control. In order to optimize the relevant scales, it is suggested that researchers should conduct research based on large-scale, multimodal follow-up data, build diachronic natural discourse corpus, and improve the early screening of AD according to the characteristics of speech impairment.

关键词

阿尔茨海默病 / 认知障碍 / 量表研发 / 言语表现 / 多模态

Key words

Alzheimer’s disease / cognitive impairment / scale development / speech performance / multimodality

引用本文

导出引用
黄立鹤,王 晶,李云霞. 阿尔茨海默病言语障碍表现及相关神经心理学量表编制问题[J]. 语言战略研究. 2019, 4(5): 34-45 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20190502
Huang Lihe, Wang Jing and Li Yunxia. Alzheimer’s Disease: Speech Impairment and Neuropsychological Rating Scale Assessment[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2019, 4(5): 34-45 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20190502

基金

本文系2019年国家社科基金青年项目“基于多模态语料库的阿尔茨海默病老年人语用能力蚀失研究”阶段性成果(项目号:19CYY018)。

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