语言交叉学科研究的理论与实践

陈 平

语言战略研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (1) : 13-25.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (1) : 13-25. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210101
语言战略研究

语言交叉学科研究的理论与实践

  • 陈 平
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Interdisciplinary Studies of Linguistics: Theory and Practice

  • Chen Ping
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摘要

现代学科体制是19世纪中期至20世纪初建成的。此后不久,学界便提出交叉学科的概念,主张学科之间应该相互交流、渗透和融合,以纠正大学体制下学科之间各自为政、缺乏合作的缺陷。学科交叉、结合、融汇作为新的教学研究范式得到大力提倡,是1970年代以后开始的。解决社会面临的重大问题的需求,是交叉学科研究背后最强大的推动力量。交叉学科研究方法是最重要的创新途径,也已得到各方公认。本文提出交叉学科研究的4种主要方式,分别是多学科、跨学科、交叉学科和超学科,各有自己的特点。本文指出,一部语言学理论研究史就是一部语言交叉学科研究发展史。语言学从哲学、逻辑、机械工程、数学、生物学、心理学、人类学借入大量的理论概念和研究方法,索绪尔结构主义理论的基本思想也被广泛地以多种形式应用于其他学科。20世纪下半叶开始,语言学跨学科向新兴研究领域输出自己的理论概念和研究方法,比较突出的两个例子是翻译和语料库研究。新技术革命浪潮催生与推进了许多新的语言交叉学科,其中主要有计算语言学、工程语言学、神经语言学、病理语言学、语料库语言学等等。这些新兴交叉学科的研究成果不但为语言理论研究带来可贵启示,更是产生了大量造福社会的新技术和新产品。

Abstract

Discrete academic disciplines were identified and institutionalized as university departments between the mid-19th century and the early 20th century. Calls for interdisciplinarity ensured soon thereafter to address what was considered to be the most serious downside of the process–lack of proper communication and interaction between the disciplines. Interdisciplinary collaboration has been actively promoted since the 1970s as an indispensable approach to tackle tasks of gigantic proportions facing contemporary society, and at the same time as the most effective way leading to innovation. This article proposes a typology of four types of interdisciplinary activities–multidisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary, each with its distinctive features. It elaborates on how linguistics has benefited from interactions with other fields of intellectual pursuit since Plato and Aristotle, and what contributions it has made to the advancement of knowledge in other disciplines, highlighting in particular the continuous cross-fertilization of ideas between language studies and philosophy, logic, mechanics, mathematics, biology, psychology, computer science and anthropology.

关键词

学科 / 语言学 / 交叉学科 / 多学科 / 跨学科 / 超学科

Key words

academic discipline / linguistics / interdisciplinary / multidisciplinary / cross-disciplinary / transdisciplinary

引用本文

导出引用
陈 平. 语言交叉学科研究的理论与实践[J]. 语言战略研究. 2021, 6(1): 13-25 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210101
Chen Ping. Interdisciplinary Studies of Linguistics: Theory and Practice[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2021, 6(1): 13-25 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210101

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