摘要
语言的演变和它的文化背景密切相关,本文探讨中国古代的文化制度与汉语历史演变的关系。内容包括:中国古代的教育制度和科举制度造成汉语方言中的文读音;自秦代以来延续至今的“书同文”政策是汉语各大方言保持同一性的中流砥柱;古代的言辞规范和异地为官制度是官话形成和发展的重要原因;汉语方言地理格局的形成与古代的行政区划密切相关。由此可见,现代汉语是历代汉语演变发展的结果,汉语及其方言的现状,不仅与语言本体发展规律相关,也与中国悠久的历史和文化相关。
Abstract
Evolution of language is closely related to its cultural background. This study explores the relationship between cultural systems of ancient China and historical evolution of the Chinese language. The main findings include: It was the traditional education system and the Civil Examination System (keju) that caused literary reading in Chinese dialects; the continued efforts of unification of Chinese language and characters started by Qin dynasty have been the backbone accounting for the consistent maintenance between the regionalects across the country. Official corpus planning and the policy of appointing an official elsewhere played an important role in the process of forming and developing Mandarin as lingua franca. Geographic distribution of Chinese dialects was closely related with ancient system of regionalized administration in dynastic China. Chinese is a language with a history of 3-4 thousand years, and the modern Chinese language is the outcome of language evolution of ancient Chinese throughout the history. This paper argues that the current state of modern Chinese and geographical distribution of various dialects is related not only with the laws of language development per se, but also with China’s long history and culture. The most parts of Chinese long history discussed in this paper are over two thousand years.
关键词
中国古代文化制度 /
文读音 /
汉语方言 /
官话
Key words
cultural systems in ancient China /
literary reading /
Chinese dialects /
Mandarin Chinese
游汝杰.
中国古代文化制度与语言演变[J]. 语言战略研究. 2021, 6(1): 26-35 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210102
You Rujie.
Cultural Systems in Ancient China and Language Evolution[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2021, 6(1): 26-35 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210102
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