摘要
1946年菲律宾独立后,政府出台了一系列旨在调和英语(殖民语言)、菲律宾语(国语)和地方语言三者关系的语言及语言教育政策。为了提高学习效果和推广全民教育,菲律宾政府于2009年颁布实施《基于母语的多语教育》方案,成为亚洲国家中从政策制定到具体实施都给予地方语言教育以强有力支持的典型案例,也最终成就了当代菲律宾独特的三语共生的语言生态。关于菲律宾的语言状况及语言政策,国内外既有研究成果多从语言政策执行、语言比较、语言认同、华语教育等角度切入。从菲律宾三语关系的形成及其发展演变脉络出发,探讨菲律宾语言政策变化背后隐含的政治、经济、文化因素,可以看出菲律宾语言及语言教育政策的成功实施对后殖民国家语言及语言教育政策的借鉴意义:语言功能的合理分工有利于形成多语共生、和谐发展的语言生态;充分重视语言及语言教育的经济价值;尊重公民母语教育权利,保护并促进语言及文化的多样性。
Abstract
The Philippines is a multi-ethnic and multilingual island country. After independence in 1946, the government of the Philippines enforced a series of language and language-education policies to manage the complex relationships among English (the colonial language), the Philippine Tagalog (the national language) and regional languages (mother tongues or dialects). These planning and policy endeavors were motivated by pragmatic ends of decolonialization, nation-building, and economic development. To improve learning outcomes and promote ‘Education For All’ (EFA), the Philippine government began to implement Mother Tongue-based Multilingual Education (MTB MLE) programmes in 2009, when the government provided constant support for dialectal mother tongue education from policy formulation to implementation. This top-down approach becomes a typical case of language education policy making among Asian countries, and helps to shape the unique linguistic ecology of trilingualism in the Philippines. Most previous research on the language situation and language policy in the Philippines was conducted from the perspectives of language policy implementation, language comparison, language identity, and Chinese language education. This paper focuses on the trilingual formation and development in the Philippines, exploring the political, economic, and cultural factors underlying the changes in the Philippine language policies. The findings may be a reference for the post-colonial countries in Asia in their formulation of language and language education policies. This paper also arouses the reflection that a rational division of language functions is conducive to the formation of a multilingual and harmonious language ecology. And the countries should attach full importance to the economic value of language and language education and respect for citizens’ right to education in their mother tongue, and protect and promote the diversity of languages and cultures.
关键词
菲律宾 /
语言政策 /
三语关系 /
发展演变 /
借鉴意义
Key words
Philippines /
language policy /
trilingual relationship /
evolution /
reference
章石芳,范启华.
菲律宾三语关系演变与思考[J]. 语言战略研究. 2021, 6(2): 86-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210207
Zhang Shifang and Fan Qihua.
Trilingualism in the Philippines: Evolution and Reflections[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2021, 6(2): 86-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210207
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基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“马尼拉华裔移民语言适应研究”(19AZD038)。