从语言的“多声性”看“假装”句的解读歧异

袁毓林

语言战略研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (5) : 77-90.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (5) : 77-90. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210506
语言战略研究

从语言的“多声性”看“假装”句的解读歧异

  • 袁毓林
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A Study on Ambiguous Interpretations of the Pretend-Sentence in Chinese: From the Perspective of Linguistic “Polyphony”

  • Yuan Yulin
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文章历史 +

摘要

新闻标题“王思聪假装在奋斗”能否推出“王思聪在奋斗”?12位接受调查的研究者对这个句子的语义解释及动词“假装”的叙实性有3种不同的意见:(1)“王思聪在奋斗”为真,即“假装”为叙实动词;(2)“王思聪在奋斗”为假,即“假装”为反叙实动词;(3)“王思聪在奋斗”真假不定,即“假装”兼属叙实动词与反叙实动词。文章引入巴赫金的“多声性”概念,并用话语评价理论介入子系统中的“借言”及其类型作为理论框架,分析了上述标题的新闻文本的正文;特别是离析出“指导性声音”及其所引用的“支持性声音”和“反对性声音”,说明话语中相关的多种声音之间的对话和辩论。接着,从语言的“多声性”及其辩论性(对话性)、未完成性(开放性)的角度,剖析上述标题句子包含的多种声音及其辩论关系和对话的未完成性,以此说明“假装”句语义解读的歧异性和开放性的根源在于,“假装”句恰好处于不同声音和不同意识相互交往的连接点上,所以并不一定揭露真相或昭示真理(或判定真假),由此进一步讨论“假装”的概念结及其语用上的多域性。

Abstract

This paper begins with the question as to whether the Chinese news headline “Wang Sicong pretends struggling” (Wáng Sīcōng jiǎzhuāng zài fèndòu) can deduce that “Wang Sicong is struggling” (Wáng Sīcōng zài fèndòu). To deal with this, an e-mail questionnaire is designed and interpretations of 12 researcher informants are collected and analyzed. The paper then classifies the findings obtained from the survey into three types: (1) B is true, that is, “pretend” (jiǎzhuāng) is a factive verb; (2) B is false, that is, “pretend” (jiǎzhuāng) is a counter-factive verb; (3) B may be either true or false, that is, “pretend” (jiǎzhuāng) is non-factive. To feather examine the findings, Bakhtin’s concept of “polyphony” is adopted and the four types of heteroglossia in the engagement system proposed in the appraisal theory are used as a framework for analysing the “dominant voice” that is conveyed in the headline, in addition to this, supportive and opposing voices that are quoted in the text of this news report are also derived, which demonstrates how multiple voices can co-exist in relevant dialogues and arguments. Furthermore, these multiple voices are explained from the perspective of linguistic “polyphony” along with their argumentative relations (argumentativity) and dialogic imperfectiveness (openness). This further reveals the cognitive and conceptual structure that underlies ambiguous and open interpretations of the pretend-sentence in the modern Chinese language.

关键词

叙实/反叙实动词 / 多声性 / 借言 / 引用 / 对话

Key words

factive/counter-factive verb / polyphony / heterogloss / quotation / dialogue

引用本文

导出引用
袁毓林. 从语言的“多声性”看“假装”句的解读歧异[J]. 语言战略研究. 2021, 6(5): 77-90 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210506
Yuan Yulin. A Study on Ambiguous Interpretations of the Pretend-Sentence in Chinese: From the Perspective of Linguistic “Polyphony”[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2021, 6(5): 77-90 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210506

基金

国家科技创新2030“新一代人工智能”重大项目“以自然语言为核心的语义理解理论、模型与方法”(2020AAA0106701)和国家社科基金重大项目“基于‘互联网+’的国际汉语教学资源与智慧教育平台研究”(18ZDA295)。承蒙多位研究者积极参与讨论并且发表意见,谨此致以诚挚的谢意。

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