摘要
研究全球华语的各个变体,尤其是语言诸要素中最活跃的词汇,是全面认识华语的基础。澳门是一个“三文四语”的多语社会,普通话与粤方言、葡萄牙语、英语在不断接触中产生了一批特色词汇。然而现有的澳门华语研究缺少对特色词汇的系统探讨及基于大规模语料库的分析。我们以《全球华语大词典》标注“用于澳门等地”为标准,收集45个澳门华语特色词,从词汇来源、语音特点、构词方式和语义特征等方面描述其基本面貌,考察它们在LIVAC汉语共时语料库(1995~2018年)中的区域分布和词义分布,发现:大部分澳门特色词义也出现于澳门之外的华语区,体现出华语逐渐融合的趋势;大多数澳门特色词义在本地的流通具有稳定性;个别澳门特色词正在退出澳门的语言生活。
Abstract
The study of Chinese varieties around the world, with their vocabulary being the most dynamic part, is the basis for a comprehensive understanding of the Chinese language. As a multilingual society characterized by three scripts and languages, Macao has offered an ideal site for language contact in the past several centuries. The Chinese Mandarin language in Macao has numerous words with local characteristics through constant contact with Cantonese, Portuguese, and English. However, there is a lack of systematic and large-scale corpus-based analysis of these special words. With A Comprehensive Dictionary of Global Huayu as the source of data, this study investigates 45 Macao Chinese words and describes their basic features in terms of vocabulary sources, phonetic features, word formation, and semantic features. In addition, an analysis of their regional distribution and word sense distribution in LIVAC shows that most words are used in other Sinophone regions, indicating a trend of gradual integration of Chinese. Furthermore, most of these words are in stable use, whereas a few of them are disappearing from the language life of Macao.
关键词
澳门 /
华语 /
特色词汇 /
《全球华语大词典》
Key words
Macao /
the Chinese language /
words with local characteristics /
A Comprehensive Dictionary of Global Huayu
王 珊,汤 蕾.
澳门华语特色词汇研究[J]. 语言战略研究. 2022, 7(2): 74-85 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20220206
Wang Shan and Tang Lei.
A Study of Characteristic Words of Macao Chinese[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2022, 7(2): 74-85 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20220206
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
基金
国家语委“十三五”科研规划年度项目“澳门旅游休闲汉语研究”(YB135-159)。