摘要
对闽南农村父母、祖父母、外祖父母亲属称谓的调查发现,自20世纪50年代以来,闽南农村亲属称谓的变化主要集中于父母称谓,且与使用者年龄之间的相关性明显高于其他亲属称谓,越是年轻人就越有可能使用“爸”或“妈”。闽南农村亲属称谓正呈现“爸妈化”和“简单化”的特点,即“爸”“妈”越来越扩散,其他父母称谓越来越萎缩。祖父母、外祖父母称谓的使用与使用者年龄关系不大,处于相对稳定的状态。闽南农村的亲属称谓依旧非常丰富,但使用极不平衡:有的非常流行;有的只有个别人在用,随时都有消失的可能。结合社会学相关理论以及闽南农村的历史、现实加以分析,父母称谓“爸妈化”和“简单化”的原因包括:社会流动的需要及可能,当地语言迷信文化的消退,以及亲属称谓的专一性。
Abstract
Kinship terms and their variation and change have received much attention in previous sociolinguistic studies. At the same time, China’s language situation in rural areas has drawn increasing academic attention with the implementation of rural revitalization. Through investigating the kinship terms for parents, grandparents and grandparents-in-law in Minnan rural areas, we find that the change of kinship terms there mainly occurs in the kinship terms for parents, which shows a higher correlation with speakers’ age than other kinship terms. The younger the speakers are, the more likely they will use ba (爸) and ma (妈). The kinship terms in Minnan rural areas are characterized by the tendency to address parents as ba and ma and simplification, namely ba and ma are spreading but other kinship terms are shrinking. The use of the kinship terms for grandparents and grandparents-in-law has little to do with the age of the speakers and remains in a relatively stable state. Various kinship terms exist in Minnan rural areas, but their use is extremely unbalanced: some are very popular, but others are infrequently used and may disappear at any time. From the sociological perspective as well as the history and reality of Minnan rural areas, the reasons for the change of the kinship terms for parents in Minnan rural areas are the needs and possibilities of social mobility, the fading of the local linguistic culture and the standardization of the kinship terms.
关键词
闽南农村 /
亲属称谓 /
语言变异 /
语言变化
Key words
Minnan rural areas /
kinship terms /
linguistic variation /
linguistic change
付义荣.
闽南农村亲属称谓的变异与变化[J]. 语言战略研究. 2022, 7(4): 66-75 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20220405
Fu Yirong.
Variation and Change of Kinship Terms in Minnan Rural Areas[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2022, 7(4): 66-75 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20220405
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基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“后脱贫时代广东潮汕农村的语言生活与社会流动研究”(21YJA740010),汕头大学科研启动经费项目“社会语言学视野中的中国农村”(35941926)。