摘要
基于传统和流行的礼貌现象二分法而建立的礼貌分析模式很难适用于法庭审判交际的礼貌分析。通过分析中国法庭庭审话语语料发现,在礼貌(策略)和不礼貌(策略)之间还存在一种中间状态的礼貌现象(策略)。打破传统二分法,建构“积极礼貌(策略)⇔中性礼貌(策略)⇔消极礼貌(策略)”的“礼貌三维连续体”分析模式,并应用于中国刑事法庭审判交际礼貌策略的研究,可以揭示法庭交际礼貌现象和策略使用的复杂和动态的网络关系。中国刑事法庭审判交际以中性礼貌和策略为显著特征,消极礼貌和策略次之,积极礼貌策略最少。这一整体礼貌格局可以从法律制度、法律文化、法律意识形态、活动类型理论、目的原则等角度得到解释,并可为有关司法改革和法庭交际以及礼貌研究提供参考。
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that politeness theories and models based on the traditional and popular dichotomy of politeness vs. non-politeness cannot provide an accurate representation of politeness strategies used in courtroom discourse. This study proposes a separate dimension between politeness and non-politeness. Based on Leech’s classification of illocutionary acts, this study constructs a continuum model of positive, neutral, and negative politeness. This model was applied in the analysis of a corpus of 8 transcripts of Chinese criminal courtroom trials conducted in different jurisdictions at different levels of courts of China ranging from 2001 to 2017. The findings reveal that either at the macro level or the micro level, the use of politeness strategies in the Chinese criminal courtroom discourse is a complex and dynamic web in the form of a continuum of positive, neutral, and negative politeness. However, the distribution of politeness strategies in the continuum is uneven. Neutral politeness strategies rank the top, followed by negative ones, and positive ones are least used. The findings were interpreted in terms of activity types or language games, speech act functions, the Goal-driven Principle, and the Chinese legal culture, ideology, and tradition. The implications of this study were discussed for legal practice and reform in China as well as for further politeness studies, particularly in institutional settings.
关键词
刑事审判 /
言语行为 /
礼貌策略 /
礼貌三维连续体
Key words
criminal courtroom discourse /
speech acts /
politeness strategies /
continuum of positive, neutral, and negative politeness
廖美珍.
中国法庭话语礼貌策略三维连续体研究[J]. 语言战略研究. 2023, 8(1): 57-73 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230104
Liao Meizhen.
A Continuum Model of Politeness Strategies for Studies of Chinese Criminal Courtroom Discourse[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2023, 8(1): 57-73 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230104
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