汉语方言历史文献收集实践与思考

乔全生

语言战略研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (6) : 86-96.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (6) : 86-96. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230607
语言战略研究

汉语方言历史文献收集实践与思考

  • 乔全生
作者信息 +

Practices and Reflections on the Collection of Historical Literature of Chinese Dialects

  • Qiao Quansheng
Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

本文根据作者及其团队完成“近代汉语方言文献集成”国家社科基金重大招标项目的实践,结合目前学界获批的相关方言历史文献国家社科基金项目以及已出版的汉语方言历史文献集成类丛书,分别从方志历史文献、唐宋时期方言历史文献、域外传教士记录的汉语方言历史文献、域内官话方言历史文献、域内非官话方言历史文献等5个方面,全面考察了目前汉语方言历史文献的收集现状。虽然困难重重,但是,对近代汉语各方言区种种中外历史文献的大规模、穷尽式收集,近年来取得了重要进展。就此提出4点思考:(1)为扭转汉语方言历史文献长期得不到及时全面收集的局面,科研体制上对文献集成类成果应予以足够重视;(2)文献集成类重大项目体量差异巨大,界定及评价应有所区别;(3)正在陆续出版的《近代汉语方言文献集成》对收录总原则的调整;(4)汉语方言历史文献收集整理的终极目标应为数字化建设。当下国家经济繁荣,文化事业快速发展,有能力对汉语方言历史文献进行系统的收集和整理,这也是坚定文化自信的重要举措。

Abstract

The study attempts to comprehensively analyzes and examines the current status of collecting historical literature of Chinese dialects from five aspects: historical literature of local chronicles, dialect historical literature during the Tang and Song Dynasty, historical literature of Chinese dialects recorded by foreign missionaries, and historical literature of Mandarin dialects within China and non-Mandarin dialects within China. The analysis is based on the practical experience and reflections on collecting historical literature of Chinese dialects by the author and his team over the past eight years. The project, which is entitled as “Integration of Modern Chinese Dialect Literature” was a completed project funded by the National Social Science Foundation. The data is also supplemented in combination of other related projects supported by the same Foundation and published series on historical literature of Chinese dialects. Based on above findings, the article presents four distinct points for consideration: (1) there has been a long lack of timely and comprehensive collection of historical literature of Chinese dialects. The academic evaluation mechanism should prioritize the outcomes of literature integration projects. (2) varying scopes of different major literary integration projects are disparate, therefore, distinct criteria for assessment should be made in the definition and evaluation process. (3) Using the ongoing publication Integration of Modern Chinese Dialect Literature as an example, to describe the general principles for inclusion and adjustments made during implementation. (4) The ultimate goal for historical literature of Chinese dialects should be digital construction. Given the current prosperity of the nation’s economy and cultural development, there is an opportunity to systematically collect and organize historical literature on Chinese dialects, representing an important modus operandi in affirming cultural confidence.

关键词

近代汉语 / 汉语方言 / 历史文献 / 文献集成 / 实践与思考

Key words

modern Chinese / Chinese dialects / historical literature / integration of literature collection / practices and reflections

引用本文

导出引用
乔全生. 汉语方言历史文献收集实践与思考[J]. 语言战略研究. 2023, 8(6): 86-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230607
Qiao Quansheng. Practices and Reflections on the Collection of Historical Literature of Chinese Dialects[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2023, 8(6): 86-96 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20230607

基金

国家社科基金西部项目“清末民初报刊汉语方言语料挖掘、整理与研究”(22XYY033),中央高校基本科研业务费古籍整理专项项目(2023GJZL001),国家社科基金重大招标项目“近代汉语方言文献集成”(10ZD&122),陕西师范大学中国语言文学“世界一流学科建设”研究成果,山西省“1331工程”重点创新团队成果。文中部分内容承鲁国尧、张振兴二位先生指导,特此致谢!

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