摘要
印度尼西亚是世界上华人人口较多的国家之一,印尼华人所使用的汉语方言以闽、粤、客方言为主。为了全面探究华人移民在印尼对汉语方言的传播,本文综合使用文献和问卷调查、访谈、实地调研等方法,梳理了华人移民在印尼的流布,从人际和群体语言、组织语言、公共语言和跨文化语言多个维度描写闽、粤、客方言在印尼的传播。研究发现:(1)汉语方言在多个场域都是华人仅次于印尼语的交际语,在家庭域和华人家庭聚会上更超越印尼语,显示出最大的活力;(2)汉语方言也有向印尼本地人传播的迹象;(3)闽南话和客家话保留较好的代际传播链条,粤语的代际传播出现危机,汉语方言活力强弱差异导致方言转用的出现;(4)汉语方言在印尼是典型的自下而上的传播模式,其传播动力主要依赖于华人对祖籍地的情感依恋;(5)汉语方言承担了印尼华人身份认同、祖籍地情感纽带、华语学习催化剂、交际工具、华族文化印记等多种社会功能。
Abstract
Indonesia is one of the countries with a large population of Chinese who mainly use Min, Yue and Hakka. This study aims to investigate the effects of Chinese immigrants on the spread of these Chinese dialects in Indonesia. With the employment of various methods such as documents, questionnaires, interviews, and field surveys, this study describes the spread of these Chinese dialects from multiple perspectives. The findings are as follows: 1) Chinese dialects are more widely used than Indonesian in the family domain, and act as the second lingua franca in other domains. 2) There are signs of the spread of Chinese dialects among local Indonesians. 3) Inter-generation transmission is strong for Min and Hakka but weak for Yue, and differences in terms of language vitality result in language shift. 4) As a kind of bottom-up language spread, the spread of Chinese dialects in Indonesia depends on the emotional attachment of the Indonesian Chinese to the land of their ancestors. 5) Chinese dialects play multiple roles in Indonesian Chinese identification, emotional attachment to the land of their ancestors, Chinese learning, communication, and inheritance of Chinese civilization.
关键词
印尼 /
华人 /
移民 /
汉语方言 /
海外传播
Key words
Indonesia /
Chinese /
immigrants /
Chinese dialects /
overseas spread
单韵鸣, 黄蓉玲.
华人移民视角下闽粤客方言在印尼的传播[J]. 语言战略研究. 2025, 10(2): 23-35 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250203
Shan Yunming and ANGELINE.
A Study of the Spread of Min, Yue and Hakka in Indonesia from the Perspective of Chinese Immigrants[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(2): 23-35 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250203
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基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“南洋华语语法描写与区域比较研究”(22JJD740025)。