摘要
毛里求斯华人以客家人为主,客家话是当地华人的祖语。该国因没有单一的原住民族群和主体语言,形成了多样化移民族群、多语并存的社会语言结构,华人祖语的传承也呈现出独特的方式和类型。我们在资料收集和随机访谈基础上,归纳出当地客家话传承的3种连续统演变方式:(1)客家话代际连续统演变,按代际流利度分为7个等级,目前家庭客家话传承处于递减式微中;(2)多语习得连续统演变,以语言习得种类多少为等级分为单语人、双语人和多语人连续统,其中双语和多语掌握者在语种选择上又形成差异;(3)客家话传承与普通话发展连续统演变,包括客家话→客家话+普通话→普通话3个演变过程。由此总结出当地客家话的独特传承类型——多语融合类型,并从家庭、学校教育、文化和传播4个影响因素揭示了这一传承类型的形成原因。
Abstract
The Chinese community in Mauritius predominantly consists of Hakka people, with the Hakka dialect being their ancestral language. Due to the absence of a single indigenous ethnic group and dominant language, Mauritius has developed a diverse sociolinguistic structure characterized by multiple immigrant communities and concurrent multilingualism. This has led to unique types of ancestral language inheritance among the Chinese community. Based on empirical data we collected and random interviews, we have identified the following three types of evolutionary continua of Hakka dialect inheritance in Mauritius. (1) Intergenerational Continuum Evolution of the Hakka Dialect. This is categorized into seven levels based on generational fluency, with a current family inheritance of the Hakka dialect showing a declining trend. (2) Multilingual Acquisition Continuum Evolution. This is classified into monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual continua based on the number of languages acquired. Within this continuum, bilingual and multilingual individuals exhibit differences in language choice. (3) Continuum Evolution of Hakka Dialect Inheritance and Mandarin Development. This includes three evolutionary processes: ancestral language (Hakka), dual Chinese languages (Hakka + Mandarin), and non-ancestral language (Mandarin). From these findings, we summarize the unique inheritance type of the Hakka dialect in Mauritius as a multilingual fusion type. We also explore four influencing factors — family, school education, culture, and communication — that contribute to the formation of this inheritance type.
关键词
毛里求斯华人 /
客家话 /
华语传承 /
连续统演变 /
传承类型
Key words
Mauritian Chinese /
Hakka dialect /
Chinese language inheritance /
continuum evolution /
inheritance pattern
邢 欣, 郭 安.
毛里求斯华人客家话的历史传承及演变类型[J]. 语言战略研究. 2025, 10(2): 36-44 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250204
Xing Xin and Guo An.
Historical Inheritance and Evolutionary Patterns of Hakka Dialect Among Mauritian Chinese[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(2): 36-44 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250204
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基金
国家社科基金重大项目“面向新疆义务教育的语言资源数据库建设及应用研究”(20&ZD293)。