摘要
以英美为代表的西方辞书界在文明演进、知识积累、科技进步的历史中,既继承传统,又汲取自己时代的文化精髓、学术成果,与民族品牌词典相互成就,形成一些长期相沿的辞书编纂理念。影响至今者,有文艺复兴时期形成的启蒙教化、崇尚文学的人本理念和溯源求真、学术至上的科学理念,启蒙运动时期形成的规整知识、融通古今的创新理念和经略语文、昌盛百科的竞争理念。人本理念是西方辞书编纂之价值核心,科学理念构成西方辞书编纂之学术肌理,二者是西方辞书编纂的两大主根脉,为西方辞书奠定了服务宗旨和学理基础。创新理念确保西方辞书与时俱进和规范守正,竞争理念确保西方辞书高质量发展和推陈出新,二者维系不同国家之间在大型国语词典和各国内部在各类词典之间既借鉴又竞争的良好业态。这4种理念相辅相成,构成一个相对完整的精神价值体系。互联网条件下,应加强中西辞书精神和理念的融通互鉴,更好地服务人民群众的辞书生活。
Abstract
The western lexicography, with the UK and the US as key representatives, has developed its principles of dictionary-making alongside the evolution of civilization, the accumulation of knowledge, and advancements in science and technology. Throughout this process, these nations have upheld their distinct lexicographic traditions while continuously incorporating cultural and academic advancements and benefiting from reciprocal influences in the creation of monumental dictionaries. The guiding principles of contemporary dictionary-making largely stem from two historical periods: the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. The concepts emerging from the Renaissance include the humanistic principle, which emphasizes illumination and education, and the scientific principle, which prioritizes truth-seeking and academic respect. The concepts introduced in the Enlightenment include innovation and competition, emphasizing the generation and integration of knowledge, the compilation of philological dictionaries, and the flourishing of encyclopedias. The humanistic and scientific principles serve as foundational pillars of western lexicography, underpinning its commitment to service and academic rigor. Humanism is the core value fostering a commitment to service while scientific accuracy provides the backbone for academic endeavors in dictionary-making. The principles of innovation and competition ensure both the progress and standardization of western lexicography, prompting the development of high-quality new dictionaries and maintaining a healthy ecology for competition and cooperation both within and among countries. These concepts and principles are compatible and interactive, sustaining a cohesive and robust value system for dictionary making.
关键词
西方辞书 /
西方辞书编纂 /
西方辞书人 /
西方辞书理念
Key words
western dictionaries /
western lexicography /
western lexicographers /
western principles of dictionary-making
田 兵.
西方辞书编纂理念初探[J]. 语言战略研究. 2025, 10(2): 73-82 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250207
Tian Bing.
A Preliminary Exploration of Lexicographical Concepts in the West[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(2): 73-82 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250207
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