从现象学角度看汉字与中国式思维

陈 辉

语言战略研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4) : 59-65.

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语言战略研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4) : 59-65. DOI: 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250406
专题研究

从现象学角度看汉字与中国式思维

  • 陈 辉
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Chinese Characters and Chinese Mode of Thinking: From the Phenomenological Perspective

  • Chen Hui
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摘要

在胡塞尔的观念中,语言与思维是分离的,语言对已然呈现在思维中的东西进行命名和表达。但从德里达式现象学的视角来看,语言是思维的在先框架,自始至终介入思维,并从根本上建构着思维方式。关于语言和文字的关系,德里达批判了语音优于文字的语音中心主义观点,揭示出是文字的主导性使语音以及整个语言系统的本质可能性得以实现和极化。由此,可以说汉字系统构成了中国式思维的在先框架,对中国人来说,汉字构成了一种先验图式。虽然对汉字的图式论解释使我们不可能通达事物本身,而是只能通达被过滤和解释过的事物经验;但依据“原书写”的观点,由文字所代表和极化的语言系统具有开放性,我们仍然能够延续现象学的还原要义而设想另一种还原,在开放性的汉字以及汉语系统中不断突破既有框架,悬搁这些过滤和解释,进而走向新的过滤和解释,趋近实事本身。

Abstract

In Edmund Husserl’s conception, language and thought are distinct from each other, with language functioning to designate and express what has already been presented in thought. From the perspective of Derridean phenomenology, however, language precedes thought, serving as the foundational frame that structures and fundamentally constructs thinking itself. Derrida critiques phonocentrism—the privileging of speech over writing—and demonstrates that it is the primacy of writing that enables the full realization and radicalization of speech and the entire language system. Based on this insight, the system of Chinese characters constitutes the foundational frame of Chinese mode of thinking, and for Chinese people, functions as a kind of transcendental schema for Chinese cognition. Through the interpretative lens of this schema, our access is not to the things themselves, but to the experience of things which has been mediated and interpreted by this framework. Yet, according to Derrida’s idea of “arche-writing”, the linguistic system, represented and radicalized by writing, possesses an inherent openness. This openness makes it possible to conceive of an alternative reduction by furthering the essence of phenomenological reduction. This alternative reduction involves continuously breaking through existing interpretive frameworks in the open systems of Chinese characters and language, suspending these filters and interpretations, and moving towards new ones. In this process, we edge closer to the things themselves.

关键词

现象学 / 文字 / 汉字 / 中国式思维 / 原书写

Key words

phenomenology / writing / Chinese characters / Chinese mode of thinking / arche-writing

引用本文

导出引用
陈 辉. 从现象学角度看汉字与中国式思维[J]. 语言战略研究. 2025, 10(4): 59-65 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250406
Chen Hui. Chinese Characters and Chinese Mode of Thinking: From the Phenomenological Perspective[J]. Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning. 2025, 10(4): 59-65 https://doi.org/10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20250406
中图分类号: H002   

基金

北京市社会科学基金青年项目“现象学运动中的马里翁充溢现象理论研究”(21ZXC007)。

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